T1-3 - Introduction, Scientific Method, Taxonomy Flashcards

1
Q

Conservation biology

A

the interdisciplinary movement to conserve biological diversity

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2
Q

Genetic diversity

A

The genetic variation within a population and between populations of a species.

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3
Q

Population

A

A group of indiivudals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring.

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3
Q

Why is genetic diversity important?

A

It provides the innovation of evolution.

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4
Q

Species diversity

A

The variety of the species of animals, plants, fungi, micro-organisms, of an area.

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5
Q

Ecosystem diversity

A

The variety of different habitats in a region

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6
Q

What is the benefit of biodiversity most direct to human benefit?

A

Provisioning services

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7
Q

define provisioning services of ecosystems and name some examples

A

The products directly obtained from nature

examples
* food
* raw materials
* medicines
* energy
* water
* genetic resources

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8
Q

What do we mean when we use genetic resources as provisioning services.

A

Improvement of products e.g. bross-bred wild crop genes improving crop resistance to drought, disease, pests.

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9
Q

Four benefits of biodiversity

A
  1. Provisioning services
  2. Regulating Services
  3. Supporting Services
  4. Cultural services
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10
Q

define regulating services of ecosystems and provide some examples

A

benefits beyond raw materials

examples
* climate regulation
* water/air purification
* pollination
* pest control

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11
Q

define supporting services of ecosystems and provide some examples

A

ecosystem services critial to biosphere viability

examples
* oxygen production
* CO2 absorption
* cycling of biomass
* nutrients and water
* habitat provision

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12
Q

define cultural services of ecosystems

A

intangible, non-material benefits from nature and ecosystems

examples:
* spiritual services/sacred spaces

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13
Q

What are the colloquial and the scientific definitions of “theory”?

A

Colloquial: hunch, speculation

Scientific: current accumulation, body of knowledge

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14
Q

define:

Inquiry

A

the search for information and explanation

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15
Q

Data vs. Facts

A

Data: recorded observations/items of information

Facts: Data that has been repeatedly confirmed by observation or experimentation

16
Q

The basis of inductive reasoning is…

A

generalizations based on many specific observations

specific –> general

17
Q

What are the colloquial and scientific definitions of hypothesis?

A

Colloquial: guess/idea about something uncertain

Scientific: ideas about questions that lead to testable nd falsifiable predictions

18
Q

The basis of deductive reasoning is…

A

the use of general premises to make specific predictions (logic)

general –> specific

19
Q

Taxonomy

A

the scientific discipline concerned with naming and classifying organisms

20
Q

Nomenclature

A

the system of rules for naming things

21
Q

Why is nomenclature important?

AKA what are some problems with common names?

A
  1. different names can be used for the same species
  2. same names can be used for different species
  3. common names might imply relationships that don’t exist
22
Q

What are the two key fetures of the Linnaean System of Nomenclature?

A
  1. Hierarchical classification of species into groups based on structural, functional, and other similatirites
  2. Binomial nomenclature
23
Q

Two parts of binomial names:

A

Genus specificepithet

24
Order of the Linnaean Hierarchy (the taxonomic ranks
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
25
# define Taxon
A taxonomic rank at a level of a hierarchical classification
26
Limitations of hierarchical classifications
1. Characteristics that are used to classify groups of species must be tailored to the species in question 2. no evolutionary information can be inferred
27
What are the three Domains?
bacteria, archaea, eukarya
28
Three kingdoms of Eukaryotes
plantae, fungi, animalia