T1DM - 239 Flashcards
Give some signs that a patient presenting is in DKA
- Abdominal pain
- Ketonuria
- Hyperventilating
- Lethargy
- Blurred vision
- Confusion
Give some signs that a patient presenting is in DKA
- Abdominal pain
- Ketonuria
- Hyperventilating
- Lethargy
- Blurred vision
- Confusion
Hypogylcaemia is a glucose level of what?
Long term hypergylcaemia leads to what?
Ketoacidosis
Cap. blood glucose above what is hyperglycaemia?
11mmol/L
What 3 things must be present to diagnose DKA?
1) Cap blood glucose >11mmol/L
2) Cap. ketones >3mmol/L OR urine ketones ++
3) Venous pH
What fluid do you give to a patient in DKA?
Crystalloid, saline
What biochemicals need 2 hourly monitoring in a patient in DKA?
Potassium and venous gas
What biochemicals need 2 hourly monitoring in a patient in DKA?
Potassium and venous gas
Hypogylcaemia is a glucose level of what?
How do you treat severe hypoglycaemia?
IM glucagon
Cap. blood glucose above what is hyperglycaemia?
11mmol/L
What 3 things must be present to diagnose DKA?
1) Cap blood glucose >11mmol/L
2) Cap. ketones >3mmol/L OR urine ketones ++
3) Venous pH
What fluid do you give to a patient in DKA?
Crystalloid, saline
What biochemicals need hourly monitoring in a patient in DKA?
Glucose and ketones
What biochemicals need 2 hourly monitoring in a patient in DKA?
Potassium and venous gas
How do you treat mild hypoglycaemia?
Dextrose tabs
How do you treat moderate hypoglycaemia?
Hypostop gels, 15g. Biscuits
How do you treat severe hypoglycaemia?
IM glucagon
What signs are suggestive of diabetic retinopathy on fundoscopy?
Microaneurysms
Haemorrhages
Hard and soft exudates
New vessel formation
What sign is seen in a patient with charcot neuroarthropathy?
Rocker foot due to the collapse of the plantar arch
What does a GFR of 60-89ml/min suggest?
Stage 2 kidney disease - mild
What does a GFR of 45-59 ml/min suggest?
moderate kidney disease, stage 3a
A GFR of 0-14 suggests what?
End stage kidney failure, grade 5
