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Revision Notes - Year 2 > T1DM - 239 > Flashcards

T1DM - 239 Flashcards

1
Q

Give some signs that a patient presenting is in DKA

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Ketonuria
  • Hyperventilating
  • Lethargy
  • Blurred vision
  • Confusion
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2
Q

Give some signs that a patient presenting is in DKA

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Ketonuria
  • Hyperventilating
  • Lethargy
  • Blurred vision
  • Confusion
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3
Q

Hypogylcaemia is a glucose level of what?

A
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4
Q

Long term hypergylcaemia leads to what?

A

Ketoacidosis

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5
Q

Cap. blood glucose above what is hyperglycaemia?

A

11mmol/L

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6
Q

What 3 things must be present to diagnose DKA?

A

1) Cap blood glucose >11mmol/L
2) Cap. ketones >3mmol/L OR urine ketones ++
3) Venous pH

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7
Q

What fluid do you give to a patient in DKA?

A

Crystalloid, saline

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8
Q

What biochemicals need 2 hourly monitoring in a patient in DKA?

A

Potassium and venous gas

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9
Q

What biochemicals need 2 hourly monitoring in a patient in DKA?

A

Potassium and venous gas

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10
Q

Hypogylcaemia is a glucose level of what?

A
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11
Q

How do you treat severe hypoglycaemia?

A

IM glucagon

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12
Q

Cap. blood glucose above what is hyperglycaemia?

A

11mmol/L

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13
Q

What 3 things must be present to diagnose DKA?

A

1) Cap blood glucose >11mmol/L
2) Cap. ketones >3mmol/L OR urine ketones ++
3) Venous pH

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14
Q

What fluid do you give to a patient in DKA?

A

Crystalloid, saline

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15
Q

What biochemicals need hourly monitoring in a patient in DKA?

A

Glucose and ketones

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16
Q

What biochemicals need 2 hourly monitoring in a patient in DKA?

A

Potassium and venous gas

17
Q

How do you treat mild hypoglycaemia?

A

Dextrose tabs

18
Q

How do you treat moderate hypoglycaemia?

A

Hypostop gels, 15g. Biscuits

19
Q

How do you treat severe hypoglycaemia?

A

IM glucagon

20
Q

What signs are suggestive of diabetic retinopathy on fundoscopy?

A

Microaneurysms
Haemorrhages
Hard and soft exudates
New vessel formation

21
Q

What sign is seen in a patient with charcot neuroarthropathy?

A

Rocker foot due to the collapse of the plantar arch

22
Q

What does a GFR of 60-89ml/min suggest?

A

Stage 2 kidney disease - mild

23
Q

What does a GFR of 45-59 ml/min suggest?

A

moderate kidney disease, stage 3a

24
Q

A GFR of 0-14 suggests what?

A

End stage kidney failure, grade 5

Revision Notes - Year 2 (35 decks)

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