Puberty - 203 Flashcards
What are the mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts also known as? What week of development are these present by?
Meso - Wolffian
Parameso - Mullerian
They begin to form by the 4th week of development
By week 5 germ cells begin to migrate to the gonadal ridge. Where have they come from?
At this stage is the yolk sac connected to the gut tube?
They have come from the yolk sac
The yolk sac is still connected to the gut tube.
By what week of development do the primitive cords begin to form?
Week 6. They form by epithelium covering the surface of the gonadal ridge beginning to extend into the mesoderm
What is the purpose of the SRY gene?
It is needed for male differentiation to occur
What cells produce anti-mullerian hormone?
Sertoli cells
What do leydig cells produce?
Androgens
In males - what does the tube of the mesonephric duct become?
The epididymis, ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct
In males - what do the sex cords become?
Rete testis and seminiferous tubules
Where does the prostate gland originate from?
The urethra
In females - what does the paramesonephric duct form?
The upper part of the vagina, fornices and uterus
What does the lower part of the vagina form from in female development?
The urogenital sinus
In female development what does the gubernaculum form?
The round and ovarian ligaments. It passes through the inguinal canal into the labium
In males what is the role of the gubernaculum?
Guides the descent of the gonads into their final position -> in the scrotum.
Kidney development begins with what structure?
Pronephros - this is in the neck!
Does the pronephros have a function in humans?
No! It begins to disappear in the 4th week of development
What structure follows the pronephros? What is the final structure?
Mesonephros follows the pronephros. This then degenerates by weeks 7-10 and is followed by the metanephros.
The metanephros becomes the adult kidney
What 2 structures is the cloaca split into?
Urogenital sinus anteriorly. Anal canal.
What do the upper and lower parts of the urogenital sinus become?
Upper - bladder
Lower - urethra
They are both endoderm-lined
What characterises normal puberty?
Development of secondary sexual characteristics, acceleration of somatic growth, advancement of bone maturation, behaviour and psychological changes
What defines adolescence?
10-24 year old. It is the transition of childhood dependence to adult autonomy.
What does LH act on during puberty?
The gonads -> causes them to increase the secretion of testosterone/oestrogen.
What does the hypothalamus release during puberty?
GnRH
What is the 1st sign of puberty in boy and in girls>
Boys - increase in testes size to >4mls
Girls - breast development
What must the testicular volume be in boys before the growth spurt starts?
10-12mls
