Gynae cancer - 220 Flashcards
90% of vulval cancers are what kind?
Squamous cell carcinoma
When do vulval cancers most commonly present? Is this type of cancer common or rare?
65-75 years.
They are rare
Describe how a patient with a vulval cancer might present
Itching, irritation, pain, lump, discharge, bleeding
What skin disorder is vulval cancer associated with?
Lichen Sclerosus
Are vulval cancers HPV-related?
Yes
If lymph nodes are involved, what is the prognosis for a lady with vulval cancer? What is it if LNs are not involved?
40% 5year with LNs
80% 5year without LNs
VIN3 staging indicates what?
Carcinoma in situ. (Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia)
What margin are you trying to achieve in a total vulvectomy for vulval ca?
1.5 cm
How common is cervical cancer?
- 3rd most common gynae ca in UK
- most common in world
Who is screened for cervical ca in the UK?
All women 25-49 every 3 years
50-65 year olds every 5 years
If an abnormality is found on a cervical smear, what is done next?
Colposcopy
What staging of cervical ca would require a radical hysterectomy? What for a total hysterectomy?
Radical - 2b and above
Total - 2a
What is the average age for diagnosis of cervical ca?
~30
75% of cervical cancers are what kind?
Squamous cell
Most uterine cancers are what kind?
Adenocarcinomas
How common is endometrial cancer?
Most common in UK
Name some risk factors for endometrial cancer
Low parity, late menopause, obesity, oestrogen only HRT
What is the main symptom for endometrial ca?
Post menopausal bleeding
How would you diagnose a uterine ca?
Hysteroscopy
What tumour marker is used for ovarian cancer?
Ca125
What symptoms might suggest an ovarian cancer?
Bloating, abdominal pain
What drug has recently been approved by NICE for ovarian cancer treatment?
Bevacizumab
For which cancer is lymph node status not taken into account with staging?
Cervical cancer
