Haemoptysis - 219 Flashcards
What defines haemoptysis?
Coughing up blood/bloody sputum from the resp. tract below the larynx
What vessel involvement causes severe haemoptysis?
Bronchial arteries
What investigations are done into haemoptysis?
CXR, FBC, clotting screen, biochem, ABG
What drug can be given to a patient with severe haemoptysis?
Tranexamic acid, orally or IV
What is bronchiectasis?
Abnormal and permanent chronic dilatation of 1 or more of the bronchi
What is Virchow’s triad for thrombus risk?
Venous stasis
Increased blood coagulability
Injury to vessel wall
What scoring system can be used to test how likely a DVT is?
Wells score
What investigations do you do into a suspected DVT?
Doppler
CT
D-dimer
At what INR level would you be able to safely stop heparin at?
~2.5
If the cause of the DVT is clear, how long would you put a patient on warfarin?
3/12
How do you manage a DVT?
LMWH (enoxaparin or clexane), doppler USS, start on warfarin when diagnosis confirmed, stop heparin when INR 2.5, continue warfarin
What can an ECG show in a patient having a PE
Sinus tachy
ST/T wave changes in V1-V3. Right axis deviation
What is the ‘gold standard’ investigation for a PE?
CTPA
What does the PESI score predict?
30 day outcome for patients with a PE
Who should be screened for thrombophilia?
- Known FH
- developed a thrombus with no obvious cause
- recurrent Hx of miscarriages
