Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Revision Notes - Year 2 > Data > Flashcards

Data Flashcards

1
Q

What will the percussion note be on the side of a tension pneumothorax?

A

Hyper-resonant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the emergency treatment for a tension pneumothorax?

A

Venflon in 2nd ICS, mid-clavicular line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What would cause increased hilar markings on a CXR?

A

Enlarged lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give 2 reasons you might see air under the diaphragm on an x-ray

A

1) Normal post-op sign if patient had laparoscopy 2) Perforation of bowel or ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How can you tell if you are seeing small or large bowel on AXR?

A

Small: Valvular connvientes go all the way across, central, no faeces Large: Haustra go part of the way across, ‘window frame’, faeces present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name 3 causes of small bowel dilatation

A

1) Obstruction from adhesions 2) Hernias 3) Peritoneal malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name 2 causes of large bowel dilataion

A

1) Carcinoma -> apple core lesion 2) Diverticular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Thumb printing is a radiological sign suggestive of what?

A

Intestinal ischaemia or inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pneumothorax, asthma and COPD (if emphysematous) all cause what percussion note?

A

Hyper resonant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lobar collapse, pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiectasis and stridor cause what percussion note?

A

Resonant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What condition causes a stoney dull note on percussion?

A

Pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What ulcers are typically medial - venous or arterial?

A

Venous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe 3 points that suggest an ulcer is venous

A

1) Medial 2) Shallow and large 3) Surrounded by dry skin 4) Haemosiderin deposit surrounding 5) Flat margins 6) Itchy 7) Normal pulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe 4 points that suggest an ulcer is arterial

A

1) Lateral 2) Deep 3) Nil/faint pulses 4) Painful 5) Black necrotic tissue 6) Well defined edges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name a cause of flame haemorrhages

A

Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are hard exudates caused by?

A

Protein leakage from blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are 3 potential causes of papilloedema?

A

1) MS 2) Head injury if it causes increased ICP 3) Uncontrolled Htn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Malaena indicates haemorrhage where in the GI tract?

A

Upper GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which rhythms are non-shockable? What do you do in this situation?

A

Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) Asystole Resume CPR for 2 minutes and then reassess rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the shockable rhythms?

A

Pulseless VT and VF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

If someone has a shockable rhythm when do you give adrenaline?

A

1mg given after 3rd shock and then every 3-5 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Give 4 Hs that are potential causes of cardiac arrest

A

1) Hypoxia 2) Hyperkalaemia (metabolic disorders) 3) Hypothermia 4) Hypovolaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 4 Ts (causes of cardiac arrest)?

A

1) Tension pneumothorax 2) Toxic substances 3) Tamponade 4) Thromboembolic event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are 2 relative contraindication to an ABG? (Use other arm)

A

Mastectomy Dialysis shunt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Before doing an ABG what test should you do?

A

Allen’s test

26
Q

For how long do you maintain pressure after doing an ABG?

A

10 minutes

27
Q

How quickly must an ABG sample be analysed?

A

Within 10 minutes -> if it is likely to take longer put it in ice

28
Q

What are 2 obstructive lung disorders?

A

COPD Asthma

29
Q

Give 3 restrictive lung disorders

A

Chest wall deformity Pulmonary fibrosis Pulmonary oedema

30
Q

In what category are lung function tests unreliable?

A

Under 5s

31
Q

What does FEV1 stand for/mean?

A

Forced expiratory volume over 1 second following a maximum inhalation - total volume you can blow out quickly

32
Q

What is forced vital capacity?

A

Total volume you can expire following a maximum inhalation

33
Q

What is peak expiratory flow rate?

A

Maximum flow rate from a forced expiration following a full inspiration

34
Q

Give 3 indications for carrying out a PEFR

A

1) Screening for obstruction 2) Monitoring asthma 3) Help assessment in asthma attack

35
Q

In a severe asthma attack what is PEFR?

A

35-50%

36
Q

In a moderate asthma attack what is the PEFR?

A

>50-75%

37
Q

What is the FEV1:FVC in a restrictive lung disease?

A

Normal/increased

38
Q

When can you use a capnograph?

A

To check you have correctly inserted the ET tube

39
Q

Intravenous isotonic fluid will increase what volume?

A

Extracellular fluid volume

40
Q

What is a precordial thump and when can it be given?

A

Blow to the sternum given in first few seconds of a shockable rhythm

41
Q

What can be used to visualise the cornea? What colour lamp is needed to view the vessels?

A

Fluorescein Green lamp

42
Q

What is a hyphema? What does it indicate?

A

Haemorrhage in the bottom of the anterior chamber of the eye. Indicates ocular contusion

43
Q

Give 3 causes of ptosis in children

A

Myasthenia Horner’s III CN palsy Trauma Congenital

44
Q

What cell type has protruded in a cervical ectropion?

A

Columnar epithelium has protruded through the cervical os and undergoes squamous metaplasia

45
Q

Give 2 causes of bronchial breath sounds

A

Pneumonia Fibrosis

46
Q

What can cause loud vocal resonance?

A

Consolidation

47
Q

Stridor can indicate what problem?

A

Obstructed upper airway - e.g. epiglottitis

48
Q

Give 2 causes of an increased JVP

A

Right sided heart failure Raised intra thoracic pressure

49
Q

Give 3 signs you might see in the eye in a patient with diabetic retinopathy

A

1) Dot and blot haemorrhages 2) Cotton wool spots 3) Neovascularisation

50
Q

When looking at a fundus, if the optic nerve is on the left (medial - closer to the nose than the temporal side) which eye are you looking at?

A

The left eye

51
Q

AV nipping, silver wiring, haemorrhages (flame, dot and blot), cotton wool spots (soft exudates), hard exudates and optic disc oedema can all be seen in what condition?

A

Uncontrolled hypertension

52
Q

What might you see on fundoscopy with optic atrophy?

A

Sharp disc margin and very pale disc

53
Q

What signs might you see in fundoscopy in someone with diabetes mellitus?

A

Microaneurysms Haemorrhages (flame, dot, blot) Cotton wool spots Hard exudates neovascularisation Optic disc oedema

54
Q

Name 3 ways you could treat a haemorrhoid

A

1) conservatively - give laxatives to avoid straining 2) creams to shrink 3) rubber band ligation

55
Q
A
56
Q
A
57
Q

What is this?

A

Melanocytic naevus

58
Q

What is this?

A

SCC

59
Q

What is this?

A

Plaque psoriasis

60
Q

What is this? What causes it?

A

Erythema multiforme

Drugs, e.g. aspirin, sulphonamides,

TB, IBD, pregnancy, etc

61
Q
A

Revision Notes - Year 2 (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions