Malabsorption/Chronic diarrhoea - 237

Question 1

Where are chief cells located and what do the secrete?

Answer 1

Body of stomach and antrum - pepsinogen

Question 2

Where are parietal cells located and what do the secrete?

Answer 2

Body of stomach - HCl and IF

Question 3

What do the G and D cells located in the antrum secrete?

Answer 3

G - gastrin

D - somatostatin

Question 4

What is chyme mixed with to form chylomicrons?

Answer 4

Bile

Question 5

Name 3 things that are digested in the duodenum

Answer 5

Lipase, protease and glucose

Question 6

Name 3 things that are absorbed in the duodenum

Answer 6

Iron, Ca, Mg, Zn

Question 7

What does the liver make? What does it store?

Answer 7

Glucose and proteins.

Glycogen

Question 8

Where are duct cells located and what do they secrete?

Answer 8

Pancreas. HCO3- and water

Question 9

Where are acinar cells located and what do they secrete?

Answer 9

Pancreas. Pancreatic juice for macronutrient digestion

Question 10

What happens to stool if it contains lipases?

Answer 10

Offensive, pale, greasy, steatorrhoea,

Question 11

What is absorbed in both the jejunum and proximal ileum?

Answer 11

ADEK

Question 12

What does the distal ileum absorb? What disease state is this relevant to?

Answer 12

IF/B12 complex. Pernicious anaemia

Question 13

Where are bile salts absorbed?

Answer 13

Distal ileum

Question 14

What prevents bacterial contamination of the ileum?

Answer 14

Iliocaecal valve

Question 15

Where does CCK come from?

Answer 15

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon

Question 16

Where does CCK target?

Answer 16

Pancreas and gall bladder

Question 17

Where does gastrin target?

Answer 17

Parietal cells

Question 18

Where is glucagon produced and where does it target?

Answer 18

Produced in pancreas, targets liver

Question 19

What happens to unabsorbed lactose in the colon?

Answer 19

It has an osmotic effect drawing in water, causing watery stools. It is fermented by bacteria, causing gas and explosive stools

Question 20

What digests lactose and what is it broken up into?

Answer 20

Lactase.

Glucose and galactose.

Question 21

Give 2 possible causes of osmotic diarrhoea

Answer 21

Lactase deficiency

Mg ingestion

Question 22

Give 3 possible causes of secretory diarrhoea

Answer 22

Cholera toxin
Absence of ion transporter
IBD
Coeliacs

Question 23

Name a symptom and sign of B12 deficiency

Answer 23

Paraesthesia

Glossitis

Question 24

Vitiligo is suggestive of a specific disease, what is it?

Answer 24

Pernicious anaemia

Question 25

What bloods should you do if you suspect coeliacs?

Answer 25

anti TTG

Question 26

List 3 abnormalities histologically in coeliacs

Answer 26

Crypt hyperplasia, villus atrophy, inflammatory cell infiltration