Systemic Risk Factors - Diabetes

Question 1

What are 3 Ways to Diagnose?

Answer 1

• venous plasma glucose test
• haemoglobin A1C test
• percentages

Question 2

What do you expect in the Plasma Glucose Test?

Answer 2

healthy person:
fasting - 4.5mmol/l
after eating - less than 8mmol/l

diabetics
fasting - greater than 7 mmol/l
random - 11.1 mmol/l

Question 3

Describe the Haemoglobin A1C Test

Answer 3

more reliable
- glucose binds to haemoglobin
- measures how much haemoglobin in glycated
- cut off point = 48mmol/l

Question 4

What are the 3 Stages of Therapy for Diabetics?

Answer 4

1. Initial Therapy
   - GDP can undertake if poor response, refer to specialist
2. Corrective
   - consider systemic antibiotics
3. Supportive
   - 3 monthly visits
   - compliance
   - smoking cessation
   - improve diabetes, periodontal, OHI

Question 5

DO IBMS DIABETES - SAME THINGS

Question 6

How do you Manage Hypoglycaemia ?

Answer 6

glucose tablets or drinks

if severe:
glucagon IV injection

Question 7

In HyperGlycaemia, Collagen Undergoes a Process Leading to AGE’s, what is this? What is it linked to?

Answer 7

advanced glycation end products
= increasing collagen cross-linking and cytokine production

• linked to microvascular complications, atherscelorosis, decreased bone matrix production

Question 8

What are the Receptors for AGEs?

Answer 8

RAGEs

Question 9

What Happens when PMN’s are Impaired?

Answer 9

enhanced respiratory burst
delayed apoptosis
increase tissue destruction