Periodontitis and Systemic Antimicrobials Flashcards
Describe the Classification of Periodontitis
A = stages
1 - initial
2 - moderate
3 - severe with potential for tooth loss
4 - severe with potential for loss of dentition
B = extent and distribution
- localised, generalised or molar-incisor distribution
C = grades - extent of progression
a - slow. b = moderate. c = rapid rate
What is the Non-Specific Plaque Hypotheses?
entire microflora is responsible for the development of the disease
What is the Specific Plaque Hypothesis?
only certain micro-organisms are responsible for disease
What is the Ecological Plaque Hypothesis?
a shift in the ecology of the biome will results in an imbalance and exorbitantly high numbers of certain keystone pathogens.
Why are Antibiotics Required in Periodontal Disease?
biofilm is resistive and it needs to be disrupted, antibiotics are effective in doing this
When do Antibiotics NOT Work?
gingival disease and chronic periodontitis
Primary Features of Periodontitis
-loss of periodontal tissue
- attachment loss
- bleeding
radiographically - bone loss, pocketing
How Do Antibiotics Work In Periodontitis?
inhibits the:
- cell wall synthesis
- cytoplasmic membrane function
- nucleic acid synthesis
- ribosomal function
What is 1 Side Effect of Antibiotics?
hypersensitivity
Why Must you decide whether to use a bacteriostatic or bactericidal drug?
bacteriostatic = prevents growth
bactericidal = kills bacteria, a lot more powerful
Why May Antimicrobial Therapies Fail? (8)
- lack of culture
- non-bacterial cause agent
- incorrect duration
- incorrect dose
- lack of compliance
- host response
- risk factors
- drug resistance
For Amoxicillin, what is the dosage, frequency, duration, mode of action and side effects?
dosage - 500mg
frequency - 2-3 times a day
duration - 8 days
mode of action
- bactericidal
- inhibits cell wall synthesis
What are the 4 Main Antibiotics?
Amoxicillin
Azithromycin
Clindamycin
Metronidazole
For Azithromycin, what is the dosage, frequency, duration, mode of action and side effects?
dosage - 500mg
frequency - once a day
duration - 4-7 days
mode of action
- bacteriostatic or bactericidal - depends on dosage
side effects - diarrhoea, vomiting, discomfort
for use instead of penicillin
For Clindamycin, what is the dosage, frequency, duration, mode of action and side effects?
dosage - 300mg
frequency - twice a day
duration - 5-6 days
mode of action
- bactericidal
side effects - diarrhoea, colitis
