Microbiology of Dental Caries Flashcards
5 Main Causative Bacterias? MALBeC
- Mutans streptococci
- Actinomyces
- Lactobacilli
- Bifidobacterial
- Candida
6 Properties of Dental Biofilms
- Structurally Organised
- Functionally Organised
- Natural
- Beneficial
- Symbiosis
- Dysibiosis
Describe Symbiosis and the 3 Types
a close, long term biological interaction
- Colonisation Resistance
- excludes microbes from the oral cavity
- when on antibiotics - oral bacteria is reg attacked, leaves space for other microbes = more yeast - Immunomodulation
- change in the immune system to activate or suppress function
- may damage host response - Entero
- the salivary nitrate circulatory system
Describe Dysbiosis
when the host is susceptible
What 3 Methods can you use to Imagine the Oral Microbiome, describe pros and cons.
- Microscopy
- pro = convention
- cons = only the cell morphology shows - Traditional Culture
- cons = labour, ££, multiple tests needed to identify isolates, only 50-70% can be cultured - Molecular Approaches
- PCR, DNA-DNA Hybridisation
What 3 Evidence Pieces are there for the Role of Microbes in Caries?
Gnotobiotic Animal Studies
- diet, transmission, antimicrobial agents
Human Epidemiology Studies
- cross-sectional - cheaper, show the associations
- longitudinal - show cause and effect
Vaccination
4 Properties of Cariogenic Bacteria
- rapid sugar transport
- fast acid production
- acidity - tolerance to acids
- extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides
How Does Dysbiosis lead to the Microbial Aetiology of Dental Caries?
dysbiosis = increase in cariogenic bacteria
- acidogenic bacteria
- frequent bacteria
- reduced saliva
- reduced pH
What is the Specific Plaque Hypothesis?
there are specific pathogens responsible for the development of disease
What is the Non-Specific Plaque Hypothesis
all bacteria in the biofilm are responsible for the development of disease
What is the Non-Specific Plaque Hypothesis
all bacteria in the biofilm are responsible for the development of disease
What is the Ecological Plaque Hypothesis?
the only hypothesis that explains why it occurs
- a response to a change in enviro in which may favour the proliferation of causative bacteria
8 Ways to Prevent Caries.
- pH up
- add fluoride
- control plaque
- sugar substitutes
- antimicrobials
- modify microbiota
- vaccination
- passive immunisation
What is the Effect of Keeping pH up?
less % of cariogenic bacteria
remineralisation
What is the Effect of Adding Fluoride?
- incorporate into enamel
= fluoroapatite - remineralisation
- reduce bacteria glycolysis and IPS synthesis
