Anaesthetics Flashcards
how do you anaesthetise the upper incisors?
buccal, +- palatal
how do you anaesthetise the upper molars?
buccal and palatal
how do you anaesthetise the lower canine?
mental +- lingual
how do you anaesthetise the lower molars?
ID (inferior alveolar nerve block), long buccal, lingual
why may anaesthesia not work?
hyperaemic pulp
infection
patient factors
inadequate anaesthesia
what is hyperaemic pulp
large number of dilated congested blood vessels
- washes anaesthetic away
why can infection not make anaesthetic work? specifically for acute pulpal inflammation
in acute pulpal inflam
- c fibres are hyperexitable
- anaesthetic may not be able to block the conduction
What Patient factors may reduce the effect of anaesthetic?
- increased vascularity - remove solution rapidly
- individual response
- high pain threshold
- high anxiety levels
what are the 3 superior alveolar blocks? what do they anaesthetise?
anterior - upper central, lateral and canine
middle - upper premolars
posterior - upper molars
What are 3 alternative types of topical anaesthetic?
- Lidocaine 4% Ointment Cream
- Lidocaine 10% Spray
- Oraqix 2.5%
What is the most common topical anaesthetic? (numbing cream)
xylonor gel
Who should not use xylonor gel and why?
athletes
- can cause positive test on doping test
what are 3 possible complications of local anaesthetic administration?
- soft tissue trauma
- nerve trauma = electric sensation in lower jaw or tongue
- intravascular injection
how do you anaesthetise the mucosa of the maxillary plate?
greater palatine block
what can you anaesthetise with an infraorbital block?
maxillary incisors, canines, premolars and MB cups of first molar and palatal/buccal mucosa
10 steps of anaesthetic administration
- check medical history
- explain procedure
- gain consent
- apply topical anaesthetic
- set up safety plus syringe and cartridge
- locate area of placement
- administer slowly after aspirating
- dispose of needle
- record the procedure in notes
what do you need to check for on the anaesthetic cartridge?
batch number
expiry date
if it is intact
what do you put in your records after administration?
target area
type of anaesthetic
any complications
post-care instructions
how can you improve patient comfort? (5)
- communication
- stretch tissues
- topical
- room temp cartridge
- slow injection
what does a nasopalatine block anaesthetise?
maxillary mucosa surrounding incisive foramen from the canines medially
