Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

YR 2 - CSA > Endo > Flashcards

Endo Flashcards

1
Q

Define Endodontology

A

the understanding of the dental pulp form, function, health, injuries and the science of diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Endodontics?

A

the skills required for the prevention and treatment of endodontic infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do you have to Consider in Regards to the tooth?

A
  • history of pulp-dentine complex
  • pulp function
  • pulp space anatomy
  • cause of injury
  • peri-radicular pathology
  • technical aspects determining success
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 Functions of the Pulp?

A
  • development of the tooth
  • sensation
  • nutrition - blood supply
  • defence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe No. of Roots of each Teeth

A

lowers central, lateral, canine, premolars = 1 root
lower molars = 2 roots

upper central, lateral, canine = 1 root
upper 1st pre-molar = 1 or 2
upper 2nd pre-molar = 1
upper molar = 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do you Need to Know About Each Tooth?

A
  • pulp chambers
  • canal shapes
  • no of roots
  • no and length of root canals
  • how to gain access
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are 5 Pulp Responses?

A

Inflammation
Secondary Dentine
Recovery
Necrosis
Arterio-Venous Shunts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the Process of Caries Infecting the Pulp?

A
  • demineralisation
  • extends in the dentine
  • pulp is inflamed
  • pulp lays down tertiary dentine
  • to relieve intra-pulpal pressure, arterio-venous shunt is formed
    = infection stays in one place
  • flow of dentinal fluid from the pulp causes pain
    = more inflammation, more pain
  • pulp chamber calcifies and shrinks
  • pulpal necrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the Last Nerve Cells to Die?

A

C-fibres - explains the severe pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What Tissues and Areas do you Anaesthetise?

A

upper incicisor
= buccal infiltration and/or palatal

upper molars
= buccal infiltration and palatal

lower canine
= mental infiltration and or lingual

lower molar
= ID block, long buccal infiltration, lingual block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why May Anaesthesia not work?

A

Hyperaemic Pulp
- large number of dilated congested blood vessels

Infection
- nerve c fibres = hyperextendable so may not block conduction
- pH can be too acidic

Patient Factors
- increased vascularity - solution removed rapidly
- individual response
- pain threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do you Isolate With?

A

rubber dam
oraseal putty - seal small gaps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why do you Isolate? (4)

A
  • protect patient airway from risk of ingestion/inhalation from instruments
  • protect patient airways from irrigants
  • prevent oral bacteria recontamination
  • improves access and visualisation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what should be ensured regarding the condition of the tooth before endodontic treatment is commenced?

A
  • the crown is deemed restorable
  • caries and defective restorations are removed
  • it will be a sound coronal restoration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the Purpose of Pre-Operative Radiographs?

A
  • no of roots
  • no of canals
  • morphology
  • current restorations
  • caries presence
  • presence of canal sclerosis/stones/previous RCT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What Is the Aim of Coronal Access?

A
  • remove roof of pulp chamber
  • no damage to pulp floor
  • good visualisation
  • retentive for temp restoration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the Difference between Gates-Glidden Burs and Regular burs

A

safe ended - no cutting flutes or diamond at the tip
- can remove safely around the pulp chamber floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do you Mechnically Prepare the 2/3 Chamber Access?

A

Step-Down Technique
- create funnel shape
- removes most heavily infected area
- prevent bacteria being carried apically
ONLY FOR THE CORONAL 2/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do you Create a Tapered Funnel?

A

use the smallest file
work up to the apex constriction until it is loose
irrigate each file
keep increasing the file size until master apical is reached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do you Mechanically Prepare the 1/3 Apical?

A

K-flex files

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What Chemicals are Used?

A

EDTA with files
= lubricate canals
= remove smear layer

Sodium Hypochlorite irrigant

22
Q

4 Pros and 2 Cons of NAOCl

A
  • destroy microorganisms
  • dissolve organic matter
  • lubricant
  • biocompatible
  • bleach clothes
  • problems if contact with healthy tissue
23
Q

What Intra-Canal Medicant is Used between Visits and Why (7)?

A

calcium hydroxide paste

  • easy to use and remove
  • cheap
  • long-lasting
  • antibacterial
  • anti-inflam
  • non-irritant
  • promote periapical healing
24
Q

Why May a Temp Restoration be Placed?

A

when the treatment is not completed in one visit

  • seal the tooth
  • restore function
  • prevent over-eruption
  • restore aesthetics
25
Q

What are some Common Temporary Materials?

A

kalzinol (zincoxide eugenol), glass ionomer, polycarboxylate cement

26
Q

What are the 2 Aims of RCT?

A

provide hermetic seal of the canal system
prevent microorganisms from entering and re-infecting t

27
Q

What is Used to Obturate the Canals? Describe its Properties.

A

GP points - gutta percha
made of zinc oxide and radioopaquers

properties - visco-elastic - softened by heat/solvents

28
Q

How does the Apical Region Differ from Coronal Region?

A
  • low oxygen levels
  • nutrients are from periradicular tissues rather than oral cavity
  • bacteria is less accessible to treatment
29
Q

What is Periapical Disease?

A

disease progresses to periapical as there is no physical or biological barriers to microbial ingress

30
Q

What are the 4 Zones of Inflammation in Periapical Disease?

A

Inf = infected
C = Contaminated
Irr = irritated
Stim = stimulated

31
Q

What is in a Periapical Lesion?

A

granuloma consisting of:
45% epithelialise granulomatous tissue
- fibroblasts

fibrous capsule over:
- small blood vessels
- lymphocytes
- plasma cells
- macrophages

32
Q

Describe Reversible Pulpitis

A

short duration
sharp pain
sensitive to cold and sweet
pain is in response to stimulus

33
Q

Irreversible Pulpitis

A

long duration
throbbing, aching pain
sensitive to hot, can be relieved by cold
exacerbated by pressure
spontaneous

34
Q

Which 3 Neurons are Responsible for Pain?

A

AB = small diameter, myelinated
= touch and pressure
= low threshold
= fast

Ad = small diameter, myelinated
= temperature
= low threshold
= fast

C = large diameter, unmyelinated
= high threshold
= slow dull pain

35
Q

What are the Problems on Diagnosing?

A

can only correctly diagnose when the tissue is removed - by then too late

relies on patients symptoms to be accurate

36
Q

Define SOCRATES

A

Site
Onset
Character
Radiation
Alleviation
Time
Exacerbating factors
Severity

37
Q

How can you Check Neural Response?

A

Electric Pulp Test
Cold test

38
Q

What is the Best Choice of Radiograph?

A

periapical

39
Q

4 Pulpal Diagnoses in Order of Severity.

A

Dentine Hypersensitivity
Reversible Pulpitis
Irreversible Pulpitis
Pulpal Necrosis

40
Q

5 Endodontic Diagnoses in Order of Severity/

A

Acute Apical Periodontitis
Chronic Apical Periodontitis
Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Periodontitis
Chronic Periapical Periodontitis with Suppuration
Peripapical Abscess

41
Q

How can you detect the Apical Constriction?

A

EAL - electronic apex locator
diagnostic radiograph

42
Q

What is the Apical Constriction?

A

the point at which PDL and root dentine meet

43
Q

How do you Establish the Working Length?

A

use EAL
- get zero reading and subtract 0.5mm
- the zero reading is the point in which the canal ends
- if you work to zero = wide apical constriction

44
Q

What are other Chemical Irrigants aside from NaOCl and why are they not used?

A

EDTA
- not antimicrobial, doesn’t dissolve organic tissue

Chlorhexadine
- does not dissolve organic tissue
- highly toxic when mixed with NaOCl = para-chloroaniline - carcinogenic precipitate

45
Q

How much Irrigation is Used?

A

30ml

46
Q

What is a heated plugger used for?

A

removing excess GP
compacting GP in the coronal 1/3 root canal

DO NOT LEAVE GP IN THE PULP CHAMBER

47
Q

Describe Chemomechanical Preparation.

A

mechanical and chemical preparation of the canal

  • using Gates-Glidden burs
  • step-down technique
  • files to clean
  • use EDTA chelating agent
  • irrigate
48
Q

What Intra-Canal Medicament is used to Be Placed in the Canals between Visits?

A

calcium hydroxide paste

49
Q

Endodontic Sealers are used on the GP Points, give 3 Materials that are used.

A

zinc oxide eugenol, calcium hydroxide, glass ionomer

50
Q

Endodontic Sealers are used on the GP Points, give 3 Materials that are used.

A

zinc oxide eugenol, calcium hydroxide, glass ionomer

51
Q

After the Tooth has been Prepared, what are the 11 Steps.

A
  1. choose GP with the same size point as master apical file
  2. dry canals with paper points
  3. place sealer on GP and insert
  4. place finger spreader to compact against the wall
  5. fill in the space with accessory GPs
  6. repeat until you cant find any more in
  7. take radiograph to ensure the root is filled to the correct length
  8. use heated plugger
  9. seal it in
  10. final restoration
  11. final radiograph

YR 2 - CSA (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions