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VETM 465: Applied Nutrition > Swine 2 - Tesse > Flashcards

Swine 2 - Tesse Flashcards

1
Q

what are the major sources of carbs and protein in pigs

A

carbs - barley, wheat, corn, oats
protein - soybeans, field peas, canola meal, wheat - all incomplete proteins and lack key essential aa

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2
Q

is it legal to feed meat to pigs

A

no

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3
Q

what is the first limiting aa

A

lysine - the most important one to ensure growth

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4
Q

what is the difference between colostral immunity or lactogenic immunity

A

-everything acquired in the first 24h is colostral immunity
- after first 24h, antibodies and T cells still delivered through milk and active in gut = lactogenic immunity

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5
Q

the growing pig - stages of growth

A

nursing –> nursery –> grower –> finisher

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6
Q

water is known as the

A

forgotton nutrient

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7
Q

what is the most essential nutrient

A

water

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8
Q

what is the most consumed nutrient by the pig in terms of amounts throughout its lifetime

A

water

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9
Q

water quality is important for

A

health and productivity

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10
Q

water hygiene is important for

A

health and productivity

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11
Q

examples of things that would reduce water hygiene

A

bacteria + viruses

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12
Q

does water have biosecurity implications?

A

yes - can spread pathogens, if washing barn with water that isn’t clean = bad, etc

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13
Q

examples of things that affect water quality

A

iron, metals, etc

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14
Q

water sources

A

surface water, well water (deep well vs shallow well), municipal water

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15
Q

important surface water principles

A
  1. fence your surface water reservoir off
  2. Do not spread manure nearby the reservoir
  3. Do not spread manure in run-off zones of the reservoir
  4. Disinfect surface water before it enters the barn
  5. At minimum - test annually
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16
Q

well water principles

A
  1. never spread manure near a wellhead
  2. Never let standing/stagnant water accumulate near a wellhead
  3. slope the land around wellheads so water drains away
  4. Disinfect water before it enters the barn
  5. Test annually
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17
Q

how can water lines get ascending infections

A

pigs pick a bathroom spot, but in first week in new pen, there’s no bathroom spot, meaning lots of manure around. Piglets like to root around and explore their environment, then pigs go to the water line and bring bacteria with them

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18
Q

water Line principles

A
  1. remove biofilm and disinfect the cistern tanks
  2. Remove biofilm and disinfect the water head tanks
  3. Remove biofilm with every AIAO (all in all out) batch
  4. Should be disinfected with every AIAO batch
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19
Q

will disinfection systems (H2O2 or ClO2) remove biofilm???

A

No, but they will “maintain” the lines with minimal biofilm accumulation.

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20
Q

managing biofilms is best accomplished by using

A

detergent in the water lines

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21
Q

water medication or vaccination tanks - the risks are

A

contamination pathway

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22
Q

how to help prevent risks in water medication/vaccination tanks

A

biofilm removal, disinfection, flush after disinfection

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23
Q

water storage should be routinely cleaned with detergent, disinfected, and evaluated to ensure it is not

A

harbouring pathogens

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24
Q

test your water annually at minimum for

A

coliforms, other pathogens of concern

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25
Q

alkaline detergents are effective in removing

A

organic soils, fats, oils, proteins, starches, and carbohydrates

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26
Q

acid detergents remove

A

water scale (calcium, magnesium, iron) from mineralization

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27
Q

chlorine is an excellent _______ and hydrogen peroxide is an excellent ___________

A

disinfectant, oxidizer

28
Q

continuous disinfection is important to maintain

A

water quality. Shock treatment disinfection is important for water tank & water line quality - flush needed

29
Q

pigs will drink what % of their BW per day

A

8-10%

30
Q

how many pigs per drinker is acceptable

A

maximum 15

31
Q

how many L per day do nursery, finisher, and sow/boars drink??

A

nursery - 3L
finisher - 10L
sow/boar - 18L

32
Q

can viruses survive feed manufacture and transport

A

ya

33
Q

international shipping ports become

A

secondary control zones - vancouver, prince Rupert, toronto, montreal, quebec, halifax
- need to keep food in containers at these zones at 20 degrees celsius so time & temp kills the virus

34
Q

recommended holding times for feed storage

A

20 degrees for 20 days
10 degrees for 100 days

35
Q

mitigating feed risk - things that help

A

time, heat, irradiation, chemical

36
Q

do pigs have passive immunity / lactogenic immunity at weaning

A

passive immunity - starting to fade
lactogenic immunity - cut off immediately when weaned

37
Q

when do piglets get weaned

A

16-28 d

38
Q

outcome of weaning

A

weaning stress, mixing of immunity - like daycare

39
Q

nursery feeding vs weaning - what has higher fat content

A

sow’s milk by 4x

40
Q

does lactase enzyme decrease in piglets

A

ya once weaned it goes away quickly

41
Q

is plasma protein used to feed weaners

A

yes - need to ensure its dead - do not want to transfer disease

41
Q

goals when feeding nursery pigs

A

ad lib feeding - maximize intake

42
Q

for weaners under 15 kg - use more ____ based products

A

milk

43
Q

do you phase feed pigs in the nursery

A

yes - 3 phases

44
Q

lactose sources, protein sources, and energy sources inclusion rates in diet

A

lactose sources: phase 1 > phase 2&raquo_space; phase 3
protein sources: phase 3 > phase 2&raquo_space; 1
energy sources: phase 3 > phase 2&raquo_space;phase 1

45
Q

increasing lysine levels in the starter diets will increase

A

ADG up to a point but once exceeded, no additional benefits

46
Q

as the pig gets older, reduction of milk based products in the diet. What replaces whey and lactose?

A

soybean meal and wheat - similar protein and energy content

47
Q

backyard pigs - can feed ____________ then to transition what should you feed?

A

iron rich formula, then oats soaked in formula

48
Q

grower-finisher feeding goals

A

focus on lean tissue growth - muscle/protein
feed is 75% of production cost

49
Q

grower-finisher feeding trends

A

lean growth increases then plateaus
fat growth increases to market weight

50
Q

grower-finisher feeding -split-sex feeding advantages & disadvantages

A

advantage - more uniform growth in finishing
disadvantage - costly and more work

51
Q

does temperature affect growth rate and feed intake and feed to gain

A

yes - increasing temp decreases growth rate and feed intake & increases feed to gain

52
Q

wet vs dry feeders

A

wet feeders provide water with feed

53
Q

single vs multi-space feeders - feed efficiency

A

no difference in feed efficiency

54
Q

ideal feeder width

A

10% greater than shoulder width of the biggest pig to be fed

55
Q

of pigs per feeder space

A

too many pigs/space = competition
dry feeders: 11-12 pigs/space
wet feeders: 15 pigs/space

56
Q

what is ideal feeder gap adjustment

A

40-60% trough coverage is ideal - pigs waste less but can eat enough

57
Q

foraging pigs have a _________ _________ stomach compared to those who do not forage

A

2x bigger - spiral colon also gets way bigger

58
Q

can pigs be raised on pasture or garden waste alone?

A

no - they require additional feed and nutrients for proper growth and development
- also remember piglets and iron supplementation

59
Q

pigs can eat many things but that doesnt mean they should. A balanced diet is essential - diet that has ingredients rich in

A

carbs, fats, and protein
- fresh feed EVERYDAY

60
Q

examples of ingredients

A

-grains - wheat, barley, corn, oats (whole grains may have poor digestibility)
-soybeans and by-products like soymeal, peas, beans
- grain by-products form alcohol production (dried distillers grains)
-grasses and hay

61
Q

if you cant grind grains, ___________ can increase bioavailability

A

soaking

62
Q

what is complete feed

A

a single completely balanced ration that includes all necessary nutrients

63
Q

single grain diet

A

a single grain like barley - MUST supplement to ensure pigs are receiving a balanced diet

64
Q

mix & match

A

usually garden scraps - remember swill feeding is ILLEGAL
- if mixing and matching, you must add a supplement (protein, carb, vitamin, and mineral) to ensure pigs are receiving a sorta balanced diet

65
Q

it is ________ to feed meat products or meat by-products to pigs in Canada

A

ILLEGAL

VETM 465: Applied Nutrition (20 decks)

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