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VETM 465: Applied Nutrition > Exotics and Wildlife Nutrition 1 - Tesse > Flashcards

Exotics and Wildlife Nutrition 1 - Tesse Flashcards

1
Q

suspect every reptile you see to be suffering from some form of ______

A

nutritional deficiency causing metabolic bone disease

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2
Q

what is metabolic bone disease? Give three examples of practices that can lead to this:

A

related to inappropriate husbandry.

  1. food and water delivery
  2. supplements
  3. lights
  4. temperature
  5. humidity
  6. substrate
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3
Q

what do hummingbirds do at night

A

torpor so they can TWEAK ALL DAY

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4
Q

what is shedding called

A

ecdysis

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5
Q

What are the overarching goals of exotic/wildlife nutritiion (4)

A
  • growth
    -overall health and longevity
  • decreases in infectious and non-infectious diseases
  • breeding success
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6
Q

What are the 4 feeding strategy goals

A
  1. provide a nutritionally balanced diet
  2. stimulate natural feeding behaviours
  3. balanced diet that consistently consumed
  4. practical and economical to feed
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7
Q

When are illnesses in captive birds most commonly noticed

A

during molt and egglaying

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8
Q

What is aflatoxicosis?

A

Chronic ingestion of low levels of toxins in most seed diets. Found in birds

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9
Q

how to prevent aflatoxicosis in birds

A

proper food storage with low moisture to prevent mold formation

use human grade seeds/nuts

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10
Q

what is the most common mycotoxin that causes aflatoxicosis

A

aspergillus spp

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11
Q

what commonly causes aflatoxicosis

A

inappropriately stored seeds and pet-grade peanuts

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12
Q

how does aflatoxicosis present

A

hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis
hepatic carcinoma

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13
Q

what species does aflatoxicosis effect

A

birds

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14
Q

what type of diet is essential for rabbits, but often overlooked

A

high fiber. required to stimulate normal GI processes

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15
Q

what does inadequate fiber content lead to in rabbits

A
  • fur chewing (barbering)
  • trichobezoars
  • GI stasis
  • lethargy, anorexia
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16
Q

what species do coprophagy

A

rabbits, chinchillas, guinea pigs, hamsters and most rodents

17
Q

excessive energy intake in rabbits can lead to

A

obesity
pododermatitis
UTD
dental disease

18
Q

in cophrophagy, which particle (small or large) get sent back via reverse peristalsis into the cecum to be fermented

A

smaller particles

19
Q

what is a cecotrophe

A

concentrated amino acids and volatile fatty acids

20
Q

what covers cecotrophes

A

mucus, to protect from stomach acids

21
Q

what vitamins are high in cecotrophes

A

B and K

22
Q

cecotrophes have ___ the protein and ____ the fiber of a normal pellet

A

twice, half

23
Q

T/F: ferrets are omnivores

A

False. Ferrets are strict obligate carnivores

24
Q

what is the transit time in an adult ferret?

A

3 hours

25
Q

What are ferrets

A

basically tubes

26
Q

T/F ferrets have lots of gut flora.

A

false. minimal flora with few brush border enzymes

27
Q

what is food consumption and weight regulated by in Ferrets

A

daylight (20-30% increase in winter)

28
Q

what is an ideal ferret diet

A

high qual protein (>35%) and fat (>20%), with low fibre and carbs (<5%)

29
Q

What should young ferrets be fed

A

variety of nutritious foods so their diet is more flexible as an adult (they set preferences early)

30
Q

Should ferrets be fed BID?

A

no. they need lots of frequent small meals

31
Q

What species does insulinoma affect?

A

Ferrets

32
Q

what is insulinoma?

A

pancreatic islet beta cell tumor that causes indiscriminate insulin production

33
Q

what are clinical signs of insulinoma

A

episodic, worsening with time
acute hypoglycemia and chronic lethargy
hindend ataxia and weakness
hypersalivation
depression
star-gazing and seizures

34
Q

how to diagnose insulinoma

A

3.3 to 3.6 mmol/L glucose
(very low fasting blood glucose)

35
Q

Medical management of insulinoma

A

glucocorticoids, diazoxide, diet changes, surgery

36
Q

what are some things that can effect volume or frequency of feeding with exoticvs

A

-age
-reproductive status
-season (molt = increased protein)
- temperature
-daylight hours
- hibernation/brumation in reptiles

37
Q

what are the most common nutritional diseases in exotics

A

-metabolic bone disease
-hypovitaminosis A
-Vitamin E/selenium deficiency
-thiamin deficiency
-vit c deficiency
- obesity

38
Q

what are some common metabolic bone diseases

A

-rickets
- osteomalacia
-fibrous osteodystrophy

39
Q

What are three things that can cause MBD`

A
  1. absolute ca deficiency
  2. Ca:P imbalance
  3. vit D deficiency

VETM 465: Applied Nutrition (20 decks)

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