SA 2- Emily

Question 1

What should an animal thats consuming an acceptable diet look like?

Answer 1

-Maintain body weight and condition (lean body mass)
-Have good coat quality
-Normal stools (indicates digestibility)

Question 2

Whats the most reliable and objective assessment of food quality?

Answer 2

AAFCO feeding trials

Question 3

What food brands should you prefer?

Answer 3

Established, reputable manufacturers (but be open to new brands)

Question 4

What types of brands should you avoid?

Answer 4

Generics and private label brands (ex. grocery store brands)

Question 5

What should always be high on the ingredient list?

Answer 5

Animal protein (1 of first 2 for cats)

Question 6

What other ingredient should you check for?

Answer 6

Added calcium

Question 7

Is it sus when different forms of the same ingredient are listed separately?

Answer 7

Yup don’t trust this stuff they’re trying to make the quality appear better

Question 8

What should the minimum digestibility of a food be?

Answer 8

75% or higher

Question 9

What can the quality of the packaging of a food tell you?

Answer 9

Whether the product is of good quality

Question 10

What are the 2 most common forms of grain in diets?

Answer 10

Corn
Wheat

Question 11

What are some reasons people might be feeding their pets grain-free diets?

Answer 11

-Concern for hypersensitivity/allergy
-Poor digestibility
-2007 Chinese pet food recall due to melamine contamination

Question 12

Is corn readily utilized by dogs?

Answer 12

Yessir

Question 13

What are the amino acids corn lacks and what can this be offset by?

Answer 13

-Lacks lysine, methionine and tryptophan
-Offset with legume protein (ex. soy)

Question 14

Is hypersensitivity to corn common?

Answer 14

No, very few documented cases of hypersensitivity or intolerance to corn

Question 15

What is the protein content of wheat?

Answer 15

Up to 18%, mostly gluten

Question 16

Is wheat utilized well by dogs?

Answer 16

Also yes

Question 17

What are the limiting amino acids in wheat?

Answer 17

-Lysine
-Methionine
-Threonine

Question 18

Is wheat a common allergen in dogs?

Answer 18

Yes! Its one of the top 3 food allergens in dogs secondary to wheat gluten

Question 19

What criteria should you use to assess grain-free foods?

Answer 19

Same criteria as any other type of pet food

Question 20

Can you pls tell me again what the criteria are for a good pet food?

Answer 20

-Complete and balanced
-AAFCO feeding trials
-Good body weight and condition
-Good coat quality
-Normal stools
-Good quality of packaging

Question 21

What are some potential disadvantages of a grain-free diet?

Answer 21

-Can be high in fat and protein
-DCM reported in dogs
-Some dogs taurine deficient

Question 22

What can high fat and protein in a grain-free diet lead to?

Answer 22

-May predispose to obesity
-Protein is an expensive form of energy (increased food cost for owners and metabolic cost for animals)
-Not good for animals with hepatic/renal insufficiency, fat intolerance, or pancreatitis

Question 23

How can cardiac function be normalized if a dog isn’t doing well on a grain-free diet?

Answer 23

Can switch to a more conventional diet +/- taurine supplement

Question 24

What is a raw diet meant to mimic?

Answer 24

The diet of wild animals

Question 25

What are the two commercially available forms of raw food?

Answer 25

1. Total mixed rations 2. Combination rations

Question 26

What are the characteristics of a total mixed ration?

Answer 26

-Fed as sole source of nutrition -Fresh, frozen or freeze-dried -Many are now formulated to meet AAFCO profiles

Question 27

What is a combination ration?

Answer 27

Supplement mix combined with raw meat

Question 28

What other form can a raw food diet be in?

Answer 28

Homemade diet (but this is usually nutritionally incomplete)

Question 29

What is the difference in genome between dogs and wolves?

Answer 29

10 genes in dogs are associated with starch and fat metabolism

Question 30

Why are dogs able to digest more starches than wolves?

Answer 30

Selection pressure of being domesticated allowed dogs to adapt to eat a more human diet

Question 31

What are some raw food disadvantages?

Answer 31

-GI foreign bodies and perforation -Gastroenteritis (from bacterial contamination or high fat content) -Sepsis -Iatrogenic hyperthyroidism -Nutritional deficits

Question 32

How can iatrogenic hyperthyroidism happen with raw food diets?

Answer 32

Neck trimmings can contain pieces of thyroid which supplements thyroid hormones

Question 33

Is it theoretically possible to make a complete and balanced raw diet?

Answer 33

Ya

Question 34

What are the most common bacterial/parasitic infections that contaminate raw food?

Answer 34

-Salmonella -E.coli -Listeria -Staph sp -Toxoplasmosis

Question 35

Why is the risk of bacterial/parasitic contamination poorly defined in animals and owners?

Answer 35

-An infectious dose of the viable organism must be consumed -Few reports describe clear cause and effect between contaminated raw food, fecal shedding, and illness

Question 36

Are pet-food borne infections limited to raw foods?

Answer 36

No, recalls and safety alerts are most often associated with dry extruded foods and raw or under processed threats

Question 37

How should you provide advice to clients about raw pet food diet?

Answer 37

-Be unbiased, nonjudgemental and well informed -Use same criteria to assess as any other type of food

Question 38

What kind of things should clients be educated on if they are going to feed a raw diet?

Answer 38

-Safe handling to decrease risk of food-borne infections -Young, old and immunocompromised people should not handle raw food -Do not feed pets in kitchen -Avoid poultry based products

Question 39

Should dogs on immunosuppressive drugs be fed a raw diet

Answer 39

Prob no

Question 40

What does maintenence energy requirement (MER) meet the needs for?

Answer 40

-Maintenance of basal metabolic rate (BMR) -Normal body temp -Recovery from normal activity -Obtaining, digesting and assimilating food

Question 41

What is MER?

Answer 41

Maintenance energy requirement (number of calories needed per day)

Question 42

What is metabolizable energy (ME)?

Answer 42

Gross energy in food minus energy lost in feces and urine (energy available to animal)

Question 43

What are nutrient requirement tables/equations used for?

Answer 43

To recommend initial food intake

Question 44

Why cant nutritional requirement tables/equations be the only thing used?

Answer 44

Because each animal has a variable metabolic rate so monitoring patient response to diet is essential

Question 45

What amount of meal feeding is most appropriate for dogs?

Answer 45

twice a day (am and pm)

Question 46

What is the max percent of a diet that treats should make up?

Answer 46

No more than 10% of daily caloric intake

Question 47

Should vitamin and mineral supplements be recommended?

Answer 47

No, clinically significant toxicities can occur

Question 48

Are canned foods better than dry foods?

Answer 48

No, type of food should be picked based on owner and pet preferences. One is not really better than the other

Question 49

What is one potential disadvantage of canned food?

Answer 49

Associated with dental disease

Question 50

What are some changes in the nutritional needs of geriatric dogs?

Answer 50

-Energy requirements usually decreased -Some have increased needs -Require 50% more protein to maintain muscle mass

Question 51

What type of nutrients are commonly associated with older dogs actually need more research to prove their efficacy?

Answer 51

-Fiber -Antioxidants -Glucosamine/chondroitin

Question 52

What are some feeding recommendations for geriatric dogs?

Answer 52

-Complete and balanced commercial diet -Ensure appropriate energy intake -Don't automatically restrict protein intake -Consider geriatric conditions that may affect food intake (dental dz, osteoarthritis)

Question 53

What percent of daily calories should be protein in cats?

Answer 53

at least 30%

Question 54

What two amino acids are an absolute requirement in cats?

Answer 54

Taurine and arginine

Question 55

Why do cats require animal source fats?

Answer 55

They cannot synthesize arachidonic acid

Question 56

Which vitamins can cats not synthesize?

Answer 56

Vitamin D and vitamin A

Question 57

Cats cannot convert tryptophan to _______

Answer 57

Niacin

Question 58

What is the estimated kcal for cats?

Answer 58

50-80 kcal ME/kg/day