SA 1 - Steph Flashcards
what does commercial pet foods supply
energy (fat carbs, protein), protein, essential fatty acids, minerals, vitamins
what is the only thing commercial pet foods do not supply
water
T/F: pet foods are not total mixed rations
false: pet foods ARE total mixed rations
what do energy requirements vary with
life stage, activity level, environement and underlying pathology
Pet foods are total mixed rations. What does this mean?
Food supplies everything nescessary for the animal except water and is consumed to meet caloric requirements while nutrient quatities and ratios are complete and balanced
what is calculated vs assumed in commercial pet foods
only calculate calories, we assume all other requirements are in proper quantities and ratios
*****what are 3 potential energy sources in commercial pet foods
carbohydrates, protein, fat
***how many calories are contained per one gram of carbohydrates
3.5 kcal/g
how many calories are contained per one gram of protein**
3.5kcal/g
how many calories are contained within one gram of fat**
8.5kcal/g
______ _______ determines food intake
caloric density determiens food intake (amt they need to eat depends on how many calories are in there)
why is protein required by animals (2)
- used for energy
- true requirement for essential amino acids
what are essential amino acids
cannot be synthesized, must be consumed by diet
what does protein quality depend on
EAA content, caloric content, digestiility
based on EAA profile, which protein is higher quality: vegetable protein or animal protein
animal protein
what is total protein content determined by
what is required to supply EAAs
fat contains 8.5kcal/g while protein contains 3.5 kcal/g. Which is more concentrated
fat, it is a very concentrated energy source!
which is higher: fat content in canned foods vs dry foods on a DM bases
higher in canned foods
3 important characteristics of fat
is a concentrated energy source
improves ration palatability
provides essential fatty acids
what is an essential fatty acid
fatty acids that cannot be synthesized and must be consumed by diet
what are 3 essential fatty acids (which is exclusive to just cats)
linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid (cats only, not req by dogs!)
purpose of food additives in commercial pet food
provide desirable characteristics such as color, flavour, texture, stability or resistance to spoilage
name some examples of food additives
antioxidant or antimicrobials, humectants, flavours and flavour enhancers, emulsifying agents, stabilizers, thickeners, coloring agents or preservatives
what are two major considerations when adding minerals to commercial pet foods
- must meet absolute requirement
- must maintain proper ratios (ex. Ca:P)