Superior Mesenteric Vessels, Bowel and Pancreas Flashcards
Where is the Pancreas located?
In the Epigastric Region of the abdomen, lying retroperitoneal along L1 except for the tail
What are the 5 parts of the pancreas?
- Tail
- Body
- Neck
- Head
- Unicate Process
Where does the Pancreatic Duct enter the duodenum?
It joins with the Common Bile Duct at the Apulla of Vater and enters the the Duodenum at the Marjor Papilla via the Sphincter of Oddi
What is the blood supply to Pancreas?
- Pancreatic branches from Splenic Artery
- Superior Pancreaduodenal Artery from Gastroduodenal Artery
- Inferior Pancreaduodenal Artery from Superior Mesenteric Artery
What is the Venous drainage of the Pancreas?
- Splenic Vein
- Superior Mesenteric Veins
- Portal Veins
What are the exocrine functions of Pancreas?
Serous Acini secrete amylase, lipase and trypsin, which collects into pancreatic ducts and enters digestive system at Major Duodenal Papilla
What are the Endocrine Functions of Pancreas?
- á cells secrete glucagon
- ß cells secrete insulin
- ∂ cells secret somatostatin
- PP or F Cells secrete vasculoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and substance P
Where is Pancreatic Pain felt?
In the back posteriorly and abdomen anteriorly
What is Pancreatitis?
Inflammation of the pancreas
What could happen if there is cancer in the head of the pancreas?
The common bile duct can be blocked
What is an annular pancreas?
Congenital Abnormality where the head of pancreas wraps around the duodenum and constricts it
What is the Root of Mesentery?
It is the origin of the mesentery of the small intestine, 15cm long, extending obliquely from the duodenojejunal flexure (left side of L2 vertebrae) to the Right Sacroiliac Joint
What are the features of Jejunum?
- Thicker wall
- Wider Lumen
- Plicae Circulares
- Long Vasa Recta
- Short Arcades
What are the features of Ileum?
- Mesenteric fat encroaches on bowel wall
- Peyer’s Pathes
- Short Vasa Recta
- Long Arcades
What are Plicae Circulares?
Folding in intestinal wall to increase the surface area
What are Peyer’s Patches?
Secondary Lymphoid Organ giving immune function
What are the parts of the Large Intestine?
- Caecum
- Appendix
- Ascending Colon
- Transverse Colon
- Descending Colon
- Sigmoid Colon
- Rectum
Where is the Caecum?
Lies in the Right Iliac Fossa and is continuous with the Ascending Colon
How does the ileum join with the Caecum?
The Ilium is inserted obliquely into the caecum, with its walls acting as folds of a valve–» the ileocaecal valce
What is the function of the Iliocaecal Valve?
Prevent food from entering the Colon
Where is the Appendix?
Roughly 2cm below the Iliocaecal junction
What is the appendix?
Secondary Lymphoid Organ that acts as a safe house for ‘good’ bacteria and assists with the maturation of B Lymphocytes
What is appendicitis?
Acute inflammation of the appendix
Where will the pain be felt in Appendicitis?
Initially–> Vague, visceral pain in the periumbilical region from the T10 dermatome
Later–> Somatic Specific Severe pain at McBurney’s Point
Where is McBurney’s Point?
1/3 the distance between Anterior Superior Iliac Spine and the Umbilicus
What are key features of the Colon?
- Taenia Coli
- Haustrations in Longitudinal Muscle (made by the Taenia Coli)
- Appendices Epiploicae
What kind of cells are there in the epithelium of the Large Intestines?
- Goblet Cells
- Mucosal Glands
–> There are no Plicae or Villi
What is Diverticulosis?
Development of small sacs/ out-pouching in the wall of the colon due to increased pressure on weakened spots of intestinal walls
What are the branches of the Superior Mesenteric Artery?
- Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery
- Jejunal Arteries
- Ileal Arteries
- Appendicular Artery
- Ileocolic Artery
- Right Colic Artery
- Middle Colic Artery
What are the branches of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery?
- Ascending and Descending branches of Left Colic Artery
- Sigmoid Arteries
- Superior Rectal Artery
What is the Anastamosis between the Superior and Inferior Mesenteric Artery ?
Marginal Artery of Drummond
Where is the Marginal Artery of Drummond?
At the junction of Midgut and handout near the Splenic Flexure of Colon
