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Anatomy (JC2) > Superior Mesenteric Vessels, Bowel and Pancreas > Flashcards

Superior Mesenteric Vessels, Bowel and Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the Pancreas located?

A

In the Epigastric Region of the abdomen, lying retroperitoneal along L1 except for the tail

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2
Q

What are the 5 parts of the pancreas?

A
  1. Tail
  2. Body
  3. Neck
  4. Head
  5. Unicate Process
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3
Q

Where does the Pancreatic Duct enter the duodenum?

A

It joins with the Common Bile Duct at the Apulla of Vater and enters the the Duodenum at the Marjor Papilla via the Sphincter of Oddi

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4
Q

What is the blood supply to Pancreas?

A
  1. Pancreatic branches from Splenic Artery
  2. Superior Pancreaduodenal Artery from Gastroduodenal Artery
  3. Inferior Pancreaduodenal Artery from Superior Mesenteric Artery
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5
Q

What is the Venous drainage of the Pancreas?

A
  1. Splenic Vein
  2. Superior Mesenteric Veins
  3. Portal Veins
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6
Q

What are the exocrine functions of Pancreas?

A

Serous Acini secrete amylase, lipase and trypsin, which collects into pancreatic ducts and enters digestive system at Major Duodenal Papilla

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7
Q

What are the Endocrine Functions of Pancreas?

A
  1. á cells secrete glucagon
  2. ß cells secrete insulin
  3. ∂ cells secret somatostatin
  4. PP or F Cells secrete vasculoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and substance P
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8
Q

Where is Pancreatic Pain felt?

A

In the back posteriorly and abdomen anteriorly

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9
Q

What is Pancreatitis?

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

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10
Q

What could happen if there is cancer in the head of the pancreas?

A

The common bile duct can be blocked

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11
Q

What is an annular pancreas?

A

Congenital Abnormality where the head of pancreas wraps around the duodenum and constricts it

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12
Q

What is the Root of Mesentery?

A

It is the origin of the mesentery of the small intestine, 15cm long, extending obliquely from the duodenojejunal flexure (left side of L2 vertebrae) to the Right Sacroiliac Joint

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13
Q

What are the features of Jejunum?

A
  1. Thicker wall
  2. Wider Lumen
  3. Plicae Circulares
  4. Long Vasa Recta
  5. Short Arcades
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14
Q

What are the features of Ileum?

A
  1. Mesenteric fat encroaches on bowel wall
  2. Peyer’s Pathes
  3. Short Vasa Recta
  4. Long Arcades
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15
Q

What are Plicae Circulares?

A

Folding in intestinal wall to increase the surface area

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16
Q

What are Peyer’s Patches?

A

Secondary Lymphoid Organ giving immune function

17
Q

What are the parts of the Large Intestine?

A
  1. Caecum
  2. Appendix
  3. Ascending Colon
  4. Transverse Colon
  5. Descending Colon
  6. Sigmoid Colon
  7. Rectum
18
Q

Where is the Caecum?

A

Lies in the Right Iliac Fossa and is continuous with the Ascending Colon

19
Q

How does the ileum join with the Caecum?

A

The Ilium is inserted obliquely into the caecum, with its walls acting as folds of a valve–» the ileocaecal valce

20
Q

What is the function of the Iliocaecal Valve?

A

Prevent food from entering the Colon

21
Q

Where is the Appendix?

A

Roughly 2cm below the Iliocaecal junction

22
Q

What is the appendix?

A

Secondary Lymphoid Organ that acts as a safe house for ‘good’ bacteria and assists with the maturation of B Lymphocytes

23
Q

What is appendicitis?

A

Acute inflammation of the appendix

24
Q

Where will the pain be felt in Appendicitis?

A

Initially–> Vague, visceral pain in the periumbilical region from the T10 dermatome
Later–> Somatic Specific Severe pain at McBurney’s Point

25
Q

Where is McBurney’s Point?

A

1/3 the distance between Anterior Superior Iliac Spine and the Umbilicus

26
Q

What are key features of the Colon?

A
  1. Taenia Coli
  2. Haustrations in Longitudinal Muscle (made by the Taenia Coli)
  3. Appendices Epiploicae
27
Q

What kind of cells are there in the epithelium of the Large Intestines?

A
  1. Goblet Cells
  2. Mucosal Glands

–> There are no Plicae or Villi

28
Q

What is Diverticulosis?

A

Development of small sacs/ out-pouching in the wall of the colon due to increased pressure on weakened spots of intestinal walls

29
Q

What are the branches of the Superior Mesenteric Artery?

A
  1. Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery
  2. Jejunal Arteries
  3. Ileal Arteries
  4. Appendicular Artery
  5. Ileocolic Artery
  6. Right Colic Artery
  7. Middle Colic Artery
30
Q

What are the branches of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery?

A
  1. Ascending and Descending branches of Left Colic Artery
  2. Sigmoid Arteries
  3. Superior Rectal Artery
31
Q

What is the Anastamosis between the Superior and Inferior Mesenteric Artery ?

A

Marginal Artery of Drummond

32
Q

Where is the Marginal Artery of Drummond?

A

At the junction of Midgut and handout near the Splenic Flexure of Colon

Anatomy (JC2) (20 decks)

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