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Anatomy (JC2) > Diaphragm and Posterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Diaphragm and Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nerve supply to Diaphragm?

A

Phrenic Nerve from roots C3,4,5

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2
Q

What does the Diaphragm consist of?

A
  1. Central Tendon
  2. Peripheral Muscle Structure
  3. Arcuate Ligaments
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3
Q

What are the Arcuate Ligaments of the Diaphragm?

A
  1. Median Arcuate Ligament
  2. Medial Arcuate Ligament
  3. Lateral Arcuate Ligament
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4
Q

What goes through the Central Tendon of the Diaphragm and which vertebral level do they go through?

A

Inferior Vena Cava and Right Phrenic Nerve go through at level T8

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5
Q

What goes through the Peripheral Muscular Structure of the Diaphragm and which vertebral level do they go through?

A

Oesophagus and Vagal Nerve at level T10

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6
Q

What goes through the Diaphragm behind the Median Arcuate Ligament and which vertebral level do they go through?

A

Aorta, Thoracic duct and Azygos Vein at level T12

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7
Q

What are the muscles of the Posterior Abdominal Wall?

A
  1. Psoas Major
  2. Trasversus Abdominis
  3. Quadratus Lumborum
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8
Q

What nerve roots make up the Lumbar Plexus?

A

L1 to L4 with a small contribution from T12

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9
Q

Which root of the Lumbar Plexus does the Subcostal Nerve come off?

A

T12

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10
Q

What are the Nerves coming off the Lumbar Plexus?

A
  1. Subcostal Nerve
  2. iliohypogastric Nevre
  3. Ilioinguinal Nerve
  4. Genitofemoral Nerve
  5. Femoral Nerve
  6. Obturator Nerve
  7. Lateral Cutaneous of Thigh
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11
Q

Which root of the Lumbar Plexus does the Iliohypogastric Nerve come off?

A

L1

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12
Q

Which root of the Lumbar Plexus does the Ilioinguinal Nerve come off?

A

L1

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13
Q

Which root of the Lumbar Plexus does the Genitofemoral Nerve come off?

A

L1 , L2

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14
Q

Which root of the Lumbar Plexus does the Femoral Nerve come off?

A

L2,L3,L4

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15
Q

Which root of the Lumbar Plexus does the Obturator Nerve come off?

A

L2,L3,L4

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16
Q

Which root of the Lumbar Plexus does the Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh come off?

A

L2, L3

17
Q

Which of the Lumbar Plexus Nerves are Medial to Psoas Major?

A

Obturator Nerve and Lumbosacral trunk

18
Q

Which of the Lumbar Plexus Nerve are Anterior to Psoas Major?

A

Genitofemoral Nerve

19
Q

Which of the Lumbar Plexus Nerves are Lateral to Psoas Major?

A

Femoral Nerve, Iliohypogastric Nerve, Ilioinguial Nerve, Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of thigh, Subcostal Nerve

20
Q

Where does the Abdominal Aorta enter the abdomen?

A

Behind the Median Arcuate Ligament at T12

21
Q

What are the branches of the Abdominal Aorta in general terms (4,4,4)?

A

4 Unpaired Branches
4 Paired Branches
4 Pairs of Lumbar Arteries

22
Q

What are the 4 Unpaired Branches of the Abdominal Aorta and what vertebral level do they come off?

A

T12–> Coeliac Trunk
L1–> Superior Mesenteric
L3–> Inferior Mesenteric
L4–. Median Sacral

23
Q

What are the 4 Paired Branches of the Abdominal Aorta and what vertebral level do they come off?

A

T12–> Inferior Phrenic
L1–> Middle Supra Renal
L1–> Renal
L2–> Gonadal

24
Q

What artery gives off the Superior Suprarenal Artery?

A

Inferior Phrenic Arteries

25
Q

What artery gives off the Inferior Suprarenal Artery?

A

Renal Arteries

26
Q

Where is Cisterna Chyli located?

A

Posterior to the aorta on L1/L2 vertebral body, then ascends as the thoracic duct together with the aorta and azygos vein at T12

27
Q

Describe the Embryological Formation of the Diaphragm

A

The Septum Transversum fuses with Pleuroperitoneal Membrane to form primitive diaphragm that partitions thoracic from abdominal contents

28
Q

What happens if there is a defect in the fusion of the Pleuroperitoneal Membrane (normal in the left posterolateral aspect)?

A

Congenital Hernia of Bochdalek–> Abdominal organs can herniate up into the thorax if the Pleuroperitoneal membrane fails to close

29
Q

What is an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm?

A

Dilation in the Abdominal Aorta–> need to know if it is below or above the renal arteries

30
Q

What is Pneumoperitoneum?

A

Free air under the diaphragm that can be caused by perforation of the lung and diaphragm

31
Q

Why can diaphragmatic pain be referred to the shoulder?

A

Nerve Supply C3,4,5 also gives off cutaneous supply to the shoulder

Anatomy (JC2) (20 decks)

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