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Anatomy (JC2) > Pelvis, Pelvic Diaphragm, Uterus, Ovaries and Vagina > Flashcards

Pelvis, Pelvic Diaphragm, Uterus, Ovaries and Vagina Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of the Pelvic Inlet?

A
  1. Sacral Promontary
  2. Sacral Ala
  3. Arcuate Lines
  4. Pectineal Line
  5. Pubic Crest
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2
Q

What are the parts of the Pelvic Outlet?

A
  1. Ischiopubic Ramus
  2. Ischial Tuberosity
  3. Sacrotuberous Ligament
  4. Coccyx
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3
Q

What is considered False Pelvis?

A

Anything between the level of the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine and the Pelvic Inlet

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4
Q

What is considered True Pelvis?

A

Anything between the Pelvic Inlet and the Pelvic Diaphragm?

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5
Q

What is the Perineum?

A

Diamond-Shaped area from the Pelvic Diaphragm to the Skin and Fascia

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6
Q

What are the borders of Perineum?

A 
Roof: Pelvic Diaphragm
Floor: Skin and Fascia
Anterior: Pubic Symphysis
Posterior: Tip of the Coccyx
Lateral: Inferior Pubic Rami, Inferior Ischial Rami, Sacrotuberous Ligament
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7
Q

What kind of joint is the Sacroiliac Joint?

A

Synovial Joint but it may fibres or ossify

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8
Q

What kind of Joint is the Pubic Symphysis?

A

Secondary Cartilaginous Joint

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9
Q

What are the Sacroiliac Ligaments?

A
  1. Anterior
  2. Interosseus
  3. Posterior
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10
Q

What are the Anatomical Diameters of the Pelvic Inlet?

A
  1. Conjugate Diameter

2. Transverse Diameter

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11
Q

Where is the Conjugate Diameter of the Pelvic Inlet?

A

From the Sacral Promantary to the Pubic Symphysis

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12
Q

What are the Obstetric Measurements of the Pelvic Inlet?

A
  1. Sagittal Inlet
  2. Sagittal Outlet
  3. Transverse Diameter
  4. Bispinous Outlet
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13
Q

Where is the Sagittal Inlet?

A

From S1 to the top of the Pubic Symphysis

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14
Q

Where is the Sagittal Outlet?

A

From the Coccyx tip to Pubic Symphysis

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15
Q

Where is the Bispinous Outlet?

A

Between the Ischial Spines

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16
Q

How do you tell if a Pelvic bone belongs to a Female?

A
  1. Pelvic Inlet is circular
  2. Pubic Arch is roughly a right angle
  3. The Ischial Spines are Straight
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17
Q

How do you tell if a Pelvic bone belongs to a male?

A
  1. the Pelvic inlet is heart-shaped–> because the Sacral Promontary is projecting more prominently
  2. Ischial Spines are more medially projecting
  3. Pubic Arch angle is very acute
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18
Q

What are the ligaments preventing the upward tilting of the sacrum?

A
  1. Sacrospinous Ligament

2. Sacrotuberous Ligament

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19
Q

What are the muscles of the Pelvic Diaphragm?

A
  1. Ischiococcygeus
  2. Iliococcygeus
  3. Pubococcygeus–> Puborectalis and Pubovaginalis/Puboprostaticus
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20
Q

What is the nerve supply to the Pelvic Diaphragm?

A

Nerve Roots S234 via direct branches and the Pudendal Nerve

21
Q

What muscles make up Levator Ani?

A
  1. Iliococcygeus

2. Pubococcygeus–> Puborectalis and Pubovaginalis/Puboprostaticus

22
Q

What are the parts of the Uterus?

A
  1. Fundus
  2. Cornu
  3. Body
  4. Cervix
23
Q

Where is the Fundus of the Uterus?

A

Above the entrance of uterine tubes

24
Q

Where is the Cornu of the Uterus?

A

Where the Fallopian tubes enter the body of the Uterus

25
Q

What are the openings of the Cervix?

A

Internal and External Os

26
Q

What are the layers of the Uterine Wall?

A
  1. Serosa
  2. Myometrium
  3. Endometrium
27
Q

What is the angle formed between the cervix and body of uterus?

A

Anteflexion–> Approx. 170 degrees

28
Q

What is the angle formed between the cervix and vagina?

A

Anteversion–> Approx. 90 degrees

29
Q

How long is the Vagina?

30
Q

What kind of epithelium does the Vagina have?

A

Squamous Epithelium

31
Q

What is the importance of the External Os?

A

It is a Squamocolumnar Junction

32
Q

What are the Vaginal Fornices?

A

Recesses surrounding the cervix when it bulges into the Vagina–> There are 3, Anterior, Posterior and Lateral

33
Q

How long is the Fallopian tube?

34
Q

What are the parts of the Fallopian tube?

A
  1. Fimbriae
  2. Infundibulum
  3. Ampulla
  4. Isthmus
35
Q

What are the layers of the Fallopian tube?

A
  1. Outer Longitudinal Muscle
  2. Inner Circular Muscle
  3. Columnar Epithelium (Ciliated and Non-Ciliated)
36
Q

How is the Ovary attached to the Uterus?

A

By the Ligament of the Ovary

37
Q

Where is the Ovarian Fossa?

A

Between internal and external Iliac Vessels

38
Q

What structures support the uterus?

A
  1. Pelvic Diaphragm
  2. Perineal Body
  3. Lateral Ligaments
  4. Uterosacral Ligaments
  5. Pubocervical Ligaments
39
Q

What ligaments are the Uterus are not important for support?

A
  1. Broad Ligament
  2. Ligament of Ovary
  3. Round Ligament of Uterus
40
Q

What are the Ovarian Ligament and Round Ligaments of the Uterus formed by?

A

Female Gubernaculum

41
Q

What are the Peritoneal Spaces around the Uterus called?

A

Laterally–> Broad Ligament
Anterior–> Uterovesical Punch
Posterior–> Rectouterine Pouch of Douglas

42
Q

What is the blood supply to the uterus?

A

Uterine Artery, from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery

43
Q

What is the blood supply to the Vagina?

A

Vaginal Artery, from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery

44
Q

What is the blood supply to the Ovaries?

A

Gonadal arteries coming off the aorta at L2

45
Q

What is the Lymphatic Drainage of the Female Reproductive System?

A
  1. External Iliac Nodes
  2. Internal Iliac Nodes
  3. Para-aortic nodes
  4. Sacral Nodes
  5. Superficial Inguinal Nodes
46
Q

What are clinical conditions that can occur with the Female Reproductive System?

A
  1. Uterine Fibroids
  2. Endometrial Carcinoma
  3. Uterine Prolapse
  4. Ectopic Pregnancy
  5. Ovarian Cyst
  6. Ovarian Carcinoma
  7. Cervical Cancer
47
Q

What is Uterine Prolapse?

A

Uterus collapses into the vagina and can every itself, giving a “dragging” sensation

48
Q

What can happen if the patient has an ectopic pregnancy?

A

Blastocyst can implant itself in the Fallopian tube, causing the Fallopian tube and Ovarian arteries to rupture

49
Q

How would you test a patient for Cervical Cancer?

A

Pap smear–> Get a Thin wooden spatula to scrape some of the cells of the squamocoloumnar junction at the External Os

Anatomy (JC2) (20 decks)

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