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Anatomy (JC2) > Hip Joint and Popliteal Fossa > Flashcards

Hip Joint and Popliteal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of joint is the hip joint?

A

Synovial ball and socket joint

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2
Q

What is the ‘socket’ of the hip joint?

A

The Acetabulum

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3
Q

What is the ‘ball’ of the hip joint?

A

The femoral head

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4
Q

What are the features of a Synovial Joint?

A
  1. Hyaline Articular Cartilage
  2. Capsule
  3. Joint Cavity
  4. Synovial Membrane
  5. Ligaments
  6. Movement
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5
Q

What are the features of the Acetabulum?

A
  1. C-shaped Articular Surface
  2. Notch
  3. Fibrous Labrum
  4. Transverse Ligament
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6
Q

What are the features of the Joint Capsule that encloses the Hip joint?

A

Proximal- Membrane is around the acetabulum
Distal: Anteriorly, the membrane attaches to the intertrochanteric line and posteriorly attaches halfway along the neck of the femur

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7
Q

What are the ligaments supporting the Hip Joint?

A
  1. Iliofemoral Ligament
  2. Pubofemoral Ligament
  3. Ischiofemoral Ligament
  4. Ligamentum Teres (Ligament of Head)
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8
Q

What are the features of the Iliofemoral Ligament?

A
  1. Y-Shaped

2. Lies anterior to the joint and attaches to the intertrochanteric Line

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9
Q

What are the features of the Pubofemoral Ligament?

A
  1. Triangular in shape

2. Fibres run inferior to the joint

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10
Q

What are the features of Ischiofemoral Ligament?

A
  1. Spiral-shaped
  2. Fibres run posterior to the joint
  3. Weakest of the 3 ligaments
  4. Zona orbicularis
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11
Q

What are the movements of the hip joint?

A
  1. Extension
  2. Flexion
  3. Abduction
  4. Adduction
  5. Lateral Rotation
  6. Medial Rotation
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12
Q

What muscles are responsible for Extension of the hip joint?

A
  1. Gluteus Maximus

2. Hamstring muscles

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13
Q

What muscles are responsible for Flexion of the hip joint?

A

Iliopsoas

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14
Q

What muscles are responsible for Abduction of the hip joint?

A

Gluteus Medius and Minimus

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15
Q

What muscles are responsible for Adduction of the hip joint?

A

Medial Compartment of the Thigh

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16
Q

What muscles are responsible for Lateral Rotation of the Hip Joint?

A
  1. Gluteus Maximus
  2. Piriformis
  3. Obturator Internus
17
Q

What muscles are responsible for Medial Rotation of the Hip joint?

A

Iliopsoas

18
Q

What is the Blood Supply to the Hip joint?

A
  1. Trochanteric Anastomosis
  2. Cruciate Anastomosis
  3. Retinacular Arteries
  4. Artery with Ligamentum Teres
19
Q

What is the Trochanteric Anastomosis?

A

Vascular ring around the neck at the distal end of the joint capsule

20
Q

What arteries make up the Trochanteric Anastomosis?

A
  1. Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery
  2. Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery
  3. Superior Gluteal Artery
  4. Inferior Gluteal Artery
21
Q

What arteries make up the Cruciate Anastomosis?

A
  1. Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery
  2. Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery
  3. Inferior Gluteal Artery
  4. 1st Perforating Artery
22
Q

What are the branches of the Retinacular Artery?

A
  1. Metaphyseal Branch (to neck)

2. Epiphyseal Branch (to head)

23
Q

In a child, what is the artery with ligament teres?

A

Foveolar Artery

24
Q

What nerves supply the hip joint?

A
  1. Sciatic Nerve
  2. Femoral Nerve
  3. Obturator Nerve
  4. Gluteal Nerve
25
Q

What are the 2 types of Hip Fractures?

A
  1. Femoral Neck Fracture (Intracapsular)

2. Intertrochanteric fracture (Extracapsular)

26
Q

What happens in a Femoral Neck Fracture?

A

Both Cruciate and Trochanteric Anastomosis are disrupted, blood flow is disrupted, leading to avascular necrosis

27
Q

What is the treatment for a Femoral Neck Fracture?

A

Total Hip Replacement

28
Q

How do Hip Fractures look like?

A

The limb will appear shortened and laterally rotated

29
Q

What nerve may be damaged in Hip dislocation?

A

Sciatic Nerve

30
Q

What is the Popliteal Fossa?

A

Diamond-Shaped Intramuscular Space behind the Knee

31
Q

What are the boundaries of the Popliteal Fossa?

A

Superior: Hamstrings
Inferior: Gastrocnemius
Roof: Fascia Lata
Floor: Popliteal surface of Femur, Capsule of Knee Joint and Popliteus Muscle

32
Q

A vessel pierces the Roof of the the Popliteal Fossa. What is this vessel?

A

Short Saphenous Vein

33
Q

What are the contents of the Popliteal Fossa?

A
  1. Tibial and Common Peroneal Nerves
  2. Popliteal Artery
  3. Popliteal Vein
  4. Fat
  5. Lymph Nodes
34
Q

What are the origins of Popliteus Muscle?

A

Popliteal surface of Tibia

35
Q

What are the attachments of Popliteus?

A

Lateral Condyle of Femur and Lateral Meniscus

36
Q

What is the Nerve Supply to Popliteus?

A

Tibial Nerve

37
Q

What are the actions of Popliteus?

A

Unlocks the knee–> pulls the lateral meniscus and lateral condyle posteriorly

Anatomy (JC2) (20 decks)

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