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Anatomy (JC2) > Foot, Peripheral Pulses > Flashcards

Foot, Peripheral Pulses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main ligaments of the foot?

A
  1. Medial (Deltoid) Ligament
  2. Lateral Ligament
  3. Spring Ligament
  4. Calcaneo-Cuboid Ligaments
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2
Q

What ligaments make up the Medial (Deltoid) Ligament?

A
  1. Tibiocalcaneal
  2. Tibionavicular
  3. Anterior Tibiotalar
  4. Posterior Tibiotalar
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3
Q

What ligaments make up the Lateral Ligament?

A
  1. Calcaneofibular
  2. Anterior Talofibular
  3. Posterior Tibofibular
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4
Q

What is the other name for the Spring Ligament?

A

Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligament

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5
Q

Where does the Spring Ligament attach?

A
  1. Anterior margin of Sustentaculum Tali

2. Inferior surface and tuberosity of Navicular

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6
Q

What are the functions of the Spring Ligament?

A
  1. Maintain arches of the foot

2. Stabilises the Talocalcaneonavicular Joint

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7
Q

What ligaments make up the Calcaneo-Cuboid Ligaments?

A
  1. Long Plantar Ligament
  2. Short Plantar Ligament
  3. Bifurcated Ligament
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8
Q

Where does the Long Plantar Ligament Attach?

A

Attaches from the underside of Calcaneus to the cuboid and the bases of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th Metatarsal bones

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9
Q

Where does the Short Plantar Ligament attach?

A

Attaches from Calcaneus to the Cuboid Bone

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10
Q

Where does the Bifurcated Ligament attach?

A

Y-shaped: Attaches from the upper surface of the calcaneus to both the cuboid and navicular

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11
Q

What are the bones involved in the Medial Arch of the foot?

A
  1. Calcaneus
  2. Talus
  3. 3 Cuneiforms
  4. 1st 3 Metatarsals
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12
Q

What are the supporting ligaments of the Medial Arch of the foot?

A
  1. Planrar Ligaments (Spring ligament + Calcaneo-Cuboid Ligaments)
  2. Medial (Deltoid) Ligament
  3. Plantar Aponeurosis
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13
Q

What are the supporting tendons of the Medial Arch of the foot?

A
  1. Tibialis Anterior
  2. Tibialis Posterior
  3. Peroneus Longus
  4. Flexor Digitorum Longus
  5. Flexor Hallucis Longus
  6. Intrinsic Foot Muscles
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14
Q

What are the bones involved in the Lateral Arch of the foot?

A
  1. Calcaneus
  2. Cuboid
  3. 2 metatarsals
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15
Q

What are the supporting ligaments of the Lateral Arch of the Foot?

A
  1. Plantar Ligaments (Spring ligament + Calcaneo-Cuboid Ligaments)
  2. Plantar Aponeurosis
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16
Q

What are the supporting tendons of the Lateral Arch of the foot?

A
  1. Peroneus Longus
  2. Flexor Digitorum Longus
  3. Intrinsic Foot Muscles
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17
Q

What are the bones involved in the Transverse Arch of the Foot?

A
  1. Junction of tarsal bones with metatarsals
  2. Cuboid
  3. 3 Cuneiforms
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18
Q

What are the supporting ligaments of the Transverse Arch of the foot?

A
  1. Plantar Ligaments (Spring ligament + Calcaneo-Cuboid Ligaments)
  2. Deep Transverse Metatarsal Ligaments
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19
Q

What are the supporting tendons of the Transverse Arch of the Foot?

A
  1. Fibularis Longus

2. Tibialis Posterior

20
Q

Describe the movement of Inverting the foot

A

It is the movement of the foot so that the sole faces medially

21
Q

What are the joints involved in inverting the foot?

A

1, Talocalcaneonavicular (Mid-tarsal) joint

2. Calcaneocuboid (Transverse-Tarsal Joint)

22
Q

What are the muscles involved in inverting the foot?

A
  1. Tibialis Anterior
  2. Extensor Hallucis Longus
  3. Tibialis Posterior
23
Q

Describe the movement of Everting the foot

A

It is the movement of the foot so the sole faces laterally

24
Q

What are the joints involved in everting the foot?

A

1, Talocalcaneonavicular (Mid-tarsal) joint

2. Calcaneocuboid (Transverse-Tarsal Joint)

25
Q

What are the muscles involved in everting the foot?

A
  1. Peroneus Longus

2. Peroneus Brevis

26
Q

Describe the sole of the foot

A
  1. Thick, hairless
  2. Firmly found to underly deep fascia by numerous fibrous bands
  3. Has many sweat glands
27
Q

What is the sensory nerve supply to the sole of the foot?

A
  1. Medial Plantar Nerve

2. Lateral Plantar Nerve

28
Q

Describe the Plantar Aponeurosis

A

It is triangular in shape and occupies the centre of the sole. The apex is attached to the calcaneus and the base divides into 5 slips, each dividing into 2 and diverging around the flexor tendons

29
Q

What are the functions of the sole of the foot?

A
  1. Firm attachment to the skin
  2. Protect neuromuscular bundle
  3. Assist in maintaining arches
30
Q

How many layers of muscle are there in the foot?

A

4 layers

31
Q

What are in the 1st layer of muscles in the foot?

A

3 muscles–> Abductors (Hallucis and Digiti Mini) and Flexor Digitorum Brevis

32
Q

What are in the 2nd layer of muscles in the foot?

A

2 Muscles and 2 Tendons–> Lumbricals (4), Quadratus PLantae and Tendons of Flexor Haluucis Longus and Flexor Digitorum Longus

33
Q

What are in the 3rd layer of muscles in the foot?

A

3 Muscles–> Flexor Hallucis Brevis, Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis and Adductor Hallucis

34
Q

What are in the 4th layer of muscles in the foot?

A

2 Muscles and 2 tendons–> Dorsal Interossei, Plantar interossei, and Tendons of Tibialis Posterior and Peroneus Longus

35
Q

What is the nerve supply to the sole of the foot?

A

Lateral Plantar Nerve, except the 3rd layer of muscles and the 1st Lumbrical, which are supplied by the Medial Plantar Nerve

36
Q

What is the arterial supply to the sole of the foot?

A

Medial and Lateral Plantar Arteries, which arise from Posterior Tibial Artery

37
Q

What does the Medial Plantar Artery supply?

A

Medial side of the big toe

38
Q

Describe the course of Lateral Plantar Artery

A

It passes deep to flexor retinaculum and muscles of the foot to form the Plantar Arch, and joins with the Dorsalis Pedis Artery in the first inter metatarsal space

39
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the sole of the foot

A

Medial and Lateral Plantar Veins accompany their corresponding arteries and unite behind medial malleolus to form the Posterior Tibial Venae Comitantes

40
Q

Describe the Motor Nerve supply of the foot

A
  1. Medial Plantar Nerve supplies Abductor Hallucis, Flexor Digitorum Brevis, Flexor Hallucis Brevis and 1st Lumbrical
  2. Lateral Plantar Nerve supplies the rest of the muscle
41
Q

Describe the cutaneous nerve supply of the foot

A

Dorsal Side:
- Mainly Superficial Peroneal Nerve
- Deep Peroneal Nerve supplies first web space
- Sural nerve supplies lateral side
- Saphenous Nerve supplies medial side
Plantar side:
- Medial Plantar Nerve supplies medial 3.5 toes
- Lateral Plantar nerve supplies lateral 1.5 toes

42
Q

Where would you palpate the pulse of the Femoral Artery?

A
  1. Midway between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis along the Inguinal Ligament
43
Q

Where would you palpate the pulse of the Popliteal Artery?

A

In the Popliteal Fossa when the knee is partially flexed

44
Q

Where would you palpate the pulse of the Posterior Tibial Artery?

A

Between the Medial Malleolus and Calcaneus

45
Q

Where would you palpate the pulse of the Dorsalis Pedis Artery?

A

In the proximal part of the First Dorsal Metatarsal Space, between the tendons of Extensor Hallucis Longus medially and Extensor Digitorum Longus Laterally

46
Q

What happens if there is fracture to the neck of the fibula?

A

Common Peroneal Nerve can be damaged–> Pateint presents with foot drop and inverted foot

Anatomy (JC2) (20 decks)

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