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Anatomy II > Superficial Face > Flashcards

Superficial Face Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Buccal region of the face refer to?

A

cheek

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2
Q

What does the mental region of the face refer to?

A

mental

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3
Q

A general rule regarding innervation of face & scalp is that cranial nerves innervate ____ ___ and ___, while spinal nerves innervate ___ ___ and ___

A

anterior, head, face; posterior head, scalp

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4
Q

What are the four sources of somatosensory innervation of the face and scalp?

A

trigeminal n.
greater occipital n.
lesser occiptial n.
greater auricular n.

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5
Q

What is the one source of somatomotor innervation in the face and scalp?

A

facial n.

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6
Q

In regards to Trigeminal nerve distribution, V1 refers to what division?

A

ophthalmic division

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7
Q

What are the branches of V1?

A

supraorbital n., supratrochelar n., lacrimal n., infratrochlear n., external nasal n.

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8
Q

In regards to Trigeminal nerve distribution, V2 and V3 refer to what division?

A

maxillary divison

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9
Q

What are the branches of V2?

A

infraorbital n., zygomaticifacial n., zygomaticotemeporal n.

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10
Q

What are the branches of V3?

A

auricolotemporal n., buccal n., mental n.

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11
Q

Name the disorder:
sensory disorder of the trigeminal nerve, characterized by sudden attacks of excruciating facial pain; predominantly affects V2 & V3, most cases probably due to compression of nerve root by blood vessel

A

trigeminal neuralgia

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12
Q

Name the branches of the facial n. (somatomotor)

A

Posteior Auricular Branch, Temporal Branch, Zygomatic Branch, Buccal Branch, Mandibular Branch, Cervical Branches

mnemonic: A Tiny Zebra Bit My Cheek

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13
Q

Name the disorder:
unilateral facial n. paralysis; ideopathic; can’t blink, pucker lips, keep food in mouth while chewing, for idiopathic causes there is 80% recovery

A

Bell’s Palsy

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14
Q

The arterial supply of the superficial face and scalp is via what?

A

external carotid arteries

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15
Q

What are the major branches from the external carotid artery?

A

Facial a., occipital a., posterior auricular a., superficial temporal a.

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16
Q

In regards to vasculature of the superficial face & scalp, name the other vessels besides the external carotid.

A

mental a. (terminal branch of inferior alveolar a.); supraorbital a. & supratrochlear a. (terminal branches of ophthalmic a. which arises form internal carotid a.)

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17
Q

What is the source of drainage for vasculature of the superficial face & scalp?

A

external jugular veins

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18
Q

Several muscles of facial expression are associated with what?

A

nose

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19
Q

The __ is the most expressive part of the face

A

mouth

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20
Q

Orbicularis oris consists of muscle fibers that do what?

A

encircle the opening of the mouth

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21
Q

What happens to the mouth when orbicularis oris contracts?

A

mouth closes

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22
Q

What fascial muscle is responsible for frowning?

A

depressor anguli oris

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23
Q

What fascial muscle is responsible for blinking/closing eyes?

A

orbicularis occuli

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24
Q

What fascial muscles are responsible for smiling?

A

zygomaticus major & minor; levator anguli oris

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25
Q

What fascial muscle is responsible for closing mouth/kiss?

A

orbicularis oris

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26
Q

What fascial muscle is responsible for wrinkling forehead and raising eyebrows?

A

frontal belly of occiptofrontalis

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27
Q

What muscle allows for tensing of the skin of neck?

A

platysma

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28
Q

What facial muscle protrudes lower lip and wrinkles chin?

A

mentalis

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29
Q

What facial muscle compresses cheek, holds food between teeth during chewing?

A

buccinator

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30
Q

What facial muscle draws corner of lip laterally; tenses lips; and is synergist of zygomaticus?

A

Risorious

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31
Q

What is the largest salivary gland, located laterally in the face, and receives sensory innervation from great auricular n.?

A

parotid gland

32
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland is from which nerve?

A

glossopharyngeal n. via posterior auricular n.

33
Q

What is the function of the parotid duct?

A

delivers saliva to oral cavity, just lateral to the 2nd upper molar teeth

34
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the facial nerve leads to what three things?

A

salivation, tear production, nasal mucosa

35
Q

True or false?

The facial nerve is responsible for the special sense of taste

A

true

36
Q

True or false?

The facial nerve supplies motor innervation to some neck muscles and muscle of middle ear

A

true

37
Q

What is the roof of the bony orbit of the eye?

A

sphenoid bone and frontal bone

38
Q

What is the lateral wall of the bony orbit of the eye?

A

frontal bone, sphenoid bone, and zygomatic bone

39
Q

What is the medial wall of the bony orbit of the eye?

A

sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone, maxillary bone, and lacrimal bone

40
Q

What is the floor of the bony orbit of the eye?

A

palatine bone, maxillary bone, zygomatic bone

41
Q

Nerves to the orbit and eyeball enter the orbit via the ___ ___ ___ in the sphenoid bone

A

superior orbital fissure

42
Q

What are the three sources of somatomotor innervation to extrinsic eye muscles?

A

occulomotor n., trochlear n., abducent n.

43
Q

What are the three sources of secretomotor (autonomics) innervation in the orbit & eyeball?

A 
parasympathetic = short ciliary nerves
parasympathetic = lacrimal n.
sympathetic = long ciliary nerves & short ciliary nerves
44
Q

What is the source of somatosensory innervation in the orbit & eyeball?

A

ophthalmic division of trigeminal

45
Q

What is the source of innervation for the special sense of vision?

A

optic nerve (CN II)

46
Q

What is the main arterial supply of the orbit & eyeball?

A

ophthalmic artery

47
Q

What is the main source of venous drainage of the orbit & eyeball?

A

superior & inferior ophthalmic veins

48
Q

What are the three layers of the eyeball?

A

fibrous layer = sclera & cornea
vascular layer = choroid, ciliary body & iris
Inner layer = retina

49
Q

What is the opaque outer covering of the eyeball?

A

sclera

50
Q

What is the transparent part of the sclera called?

A

cornea

51
Q

What is the vascular area between the sclera and retina called?

A

choroid

52
Q

What is the muscular body that provides attachment for lens and connects choroid to iris and controls thickness of lens and secretes aqueous humor called?

A

ciliary body

53
Q

What chamber is found between the cornea and iris/pupil?

A

anterior chamber

54
Q

What chamber is found between iris/pupil and lens?

A

posterior chamber

55
Q

What is responsible for giving each person their distinct eye color and capable of constricting to control how much light enters the pupil?

A

the iris

56
Q

What does the dilator papillae do?

A

dilates; under sympathetic control

57
Q

What does the sphincter pupillae do?

A

constricts; under parasympathetic control

58
Q

Is the function of ciliary muscle carried out by sympathetic or parasympathetic innervation?

A

parasympathetic

59
Q

Describe the optic portion of the retina

A

sensitive to light and has a pigmented layer (reduces scattering) and a neural layer (light receptive)

60
Q

Describe the non visual portion of the retina

A

an anterior continuation of pigmented layer associated with iris and ciliary body

61
Q

The retina receives blood from what artery?

A

central artery of the retina

62
Q

The back of the eye contains a distinct circular area called what?

A

the optic disc

63
Q

Where are the sensory nerve endings of the optic nerve concentrated?

A

optic disc

64
Q

What is lateral to the optic disc and functions in visual acuity?

A

macula lutea

65
Q

Extrinsic eye muscles are often called what?

A

extraocular muscles

66
Q

What do extrinsic eye muscles do?

A

move the eye

67
Q

Extrinsic eye muscles are termed extrinsic because they originate within the ___ and insert onto the ___

A

orbit; sclera

68
Q

How many extrinsic eye muscles are there?

A

6; the rectus muscles and oblique muscles

69
Q

Which muscle moves the eyeball medially?

A

medial rectus

70
Q

Which muscle moves the eyeball laterally?

A

lateral rectus

71
Q

Which muscle moves the eyeball inferiorly and medially?

A

inferior rectus

72
Q

Which muscle moves the eyeball superiorly and medially?

A

superior rectus

73
Q

Which muscle moves the eyeball superiorly and laterally?

A

inferior oblique

74
Q

Which muscle moves the eyeball inferiorly and laterally?

A

superior oblique

75
Q

Name the disorder:
non-dominant eye becomes weaker over time & loses visual acuity; birth injuries, diseases localized to eye or orbit, improper muscle attachment can all be causes; lack of coordination between eyes

A

strabismus

76
Q

What is the difference between external and internal strabismus?

A

external: damage to CN III (knocks out medial rectus)
internal: damage to abducens nerve (CN IV) which knocks out lateral rectus

Anatomy II (17 decks)

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