Superficial Face Flashcards
What does the Buccal region of the face refer to?
cheek
What does the mental region of the face refer to?
mental
A general rule regarding innervation of face & scalp is that cranial nerves innervate ____ ___ and ___, while spinal nerves innervate ___ ___ and ___
anterior, head, face; posterior head, scalp
What are the four sources of somatosensory innervation of the face and scalp?
trigeminal n.
greater occipital n.
lesser occiptial n.
greater auricular n.
What is the one source of somatomotor innervation in the face and scalp?
facial n.
In regards to Trigeminal nerve distribution, V1 refers to what division?
ophthalmic division
What are the branches of V1?
supraorbital n., supratrochelar n., lacrimal n., infratrochlear n., external nasal n.
In regards to Trigeminal nerve distribution, V2 and V3 refer to what division?
maxillary divison
What are the branches of V2?
infraorbital n., zygomaticifacial n., zygomaticotemeporal n.
What are the branches of V3?
auricolotemporal n., buccal n., mental n.
Name the disorder:
sensory disorder of the trigeminal nerve, characterized by sudden attacks of excruciating facial pain; predominantly affects V2 & V3, most cases probably due to compression of nerve root by blood vessel
trigeminal neuralgia
Name the branches of the facial n. (somatomotor)
Posteior Auricular Branch, Temporal Branch, Zygomatic Branch, Buccal Branch, Mandibular Branch, Cervical Branches
mnemonic: A Tiny Zebra Bit My Cheek
Name the disorder:
unilateral facial n. paralysis; ideopathic; can’t blink, pucker lips, keep food in mouth while chewing, for idiopathic causes there is 80% recovery
Bell’s Palsy
The arterial supply of the superficial face and scalp is via what?
external carotid arteries
What are the major branches from the external carotid artery?
Facial a., occipital a., posterior auricular a., superficial temporal a.
In regards to vasculature of the superficial face & scalp, name the other vessels besides the external carotid.
mental a. (terminal branch of inferior alveolar a.); supraorbital a. & supratrochlear a. (terminal branches of ophthalmic a. which arises form internal carotid a.)
What is the source of drainage for vasculature of the superficial face & scalp?
external jugular veins
Several muscles of facial expression are associated with what?
nose
The __ is the most expressive part of the face
mouth
Orbicularis oris consists of muscle fibers that do what?
encircle the opening of the mouth
What happens to the mouth when orbicularis oris contracts?
mouth closes
What fascial muscle is responsible for frowning?
depressor anguli oris
What fascial muscle is responsible for blinking/closing eyes?
orbicularis occuli
What fascial muscles are responsible for smiling?
zygomaticus major & minor; levator anguli oris
What fascial muscle is responsible for closing mouth/kiss?
orbicularis oris
What fascial muscle is responsible for wrinkling forehead and raising eyebrows?
frontal belly of occiptofrontalis
What muscle allows for tensing of the skin of neck?
platysma
What facial muscle protrudes lower lip and wrinkles chin?
mentalis
What facial muscle compresses cheek, holds food between teeth during chewing?
buccinator
What facial muscle draws corner of lip laterally; tenses lips; and is synergist of zygomaticus?
Risorious
What is the largest salivary gland, located laterally in the face, and receives sensory innervation from great auricular n.?
parotid gland
Parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland is from which nerve?
glossopharyngeal n. via posterior auricular n.
What is the function of the parotid duct?
delivers saliva to oral cavity, just lateral to the 2nd upper molar teeth
Parasympathetic innervation of the facial nerve leads to what three things?
salivation, tear production, nasal mucosa
True or false?
The facial nerve is responsible for the special sense of taste
true
True or false?
The facial nerve supplies motor innervation to some neck muscles and muscle of middle ear
true
What is the roof of the bony orbit of the eye?
sphenoid bone and frontal bone
What is the lateral wall of the bony orbit of the eye?
frontal bone, sphenoid bone, and zygomatic bone
What is the medial wall of the bony orbit of the eye?
sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone, maxillary bone, and lacrimal bone
What is the floor of the bony orbit of the eye?
palatine bone, maxillary bone, zygomatic bone
Nerves to the orbit and eyeball enter the orbit via the ___ ___ ___ in the sphenoid bone
superior orbital fissure
What are the three sources of somatomotor innervation to extrinsic eye muscles?
occulomotor n., trochlear n., abducent n.
What are the three sources of secretomotor (autonomics) innervation in the orbit & eyeball?
parasympathetic = short ciliary nerves parasympathetic = lacrimal n. sympathetic = long ciliary nerves & short ciliary nerves
What is the source of somatosensory innervation in the orbit & eyeball?
ophthalmic division of trigeminal
What is the source of innervation for the special sense of vision?
optic nerve (CN II)
What is the main arterial supply of the orbit & eyeball?
ophthalmic artery
What is the main source of venous drainage of the orbit & eyeball?
superior & inferior ophthalmic veins
What are the three layers of the eyeball?
fibrous layer = sclera & cornea
vascular layer = choroid, ciliary body & iris
Inner layer = retina
What is the opaque outer covering of the eyeball?
sclera
What is the transparent part of the sclera called?
cornea
What is the vascular area between the sclera and retina called?
choroid
What is the muscular body that provides attachment for lens and connects choroid to iris and controls thickness of lens and secretes aqueous humor called?
ciliary body
What chamber is found between the cornea and iris/pupil?
anterior chamber
What chamber is found between iris/pupil and lens?
posterior chamber
What is responsible for giving each person their distinct eye color and capable of constricting to control how much light enters the pupil?
the iris
What does the dilator papillae do?
dilates; under sympathetic control
What does the sphincter pupillae do?
constricts; under parasympathetic control
Is the function of ciliary muscle carried out by sympathetic or parasympathetic innervation?
parasympathetic
Describe the optic portion of the retina
sensitive to light and has a pigmented layer (reduces scattering) and a neural layer (light receptive)
Describe the non visual portion of the retina
an anterior continuation of pigmented layer associated with iris and ciliary body
The retina receives blood from what artery?
central artery of the retina
The back of the eye contains a distinct circular area called what?
the optic disc
Where are the sensory nerve endings of the optic nerve concentrated?
optic disc
What is lateral to the optic disc and functions in visual acuity?
macula lutea
Extrinsic eye muscles are often called what?
extraocular muscles
What do extrinsic eye muscles do?
move the eye
Extrinsic eye muscles are termed extrinsic because they originate within the ___ and insert onto the ___
orbit; sclera
How many extrinsic eye muscles are there?
6; the rectus muscles and oblique muscles
Which muscle moves the eyeball medially?
medial rectus
Which muscle moves the eyeball laterally?
lateral rectus
Which muscle moves the eyeball inferiorly and medially?
inferior rectus
Which muscle moves the eyeball superiorly and medially?
superior rectus
Which muscle moves the eyeball superiorly and laterally?
inferior oblique
Which muscle moves the eyeball inferiorly and laterally?
superior oblique
Name the disorder:
non-dominant eye becomes weaker over time & loses visual acuity; birth injuries, diseases localized to eye or orbit, improper muscle attachment can all be causes; lack of coordination between eyes
strabismus
What is the difference between external and internal strabismus?
external: damage to CN III (knocks out medial rectus)
internal: damage to abducens nerve (CN IV) which knocks out lateral rectus
