Gut Circulation

Question 1

The abdominal aorta begins at what vertebra?

Answer 1

T12

Question 2

What does the abdominal aorta enter through?

Answer 2

aortic hiatus

Question 3

Is the abdominal aorta intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Answer 3

retroperitoneal

Question 4

What vertebrae does the abdominal aorta relate to?

Answer 4

L1-L4; terminates at L4

Question 5

What does the abdominal aorta divide into?

Answer 5

left and right common iliac arteries

Question 6

Where is the IVC in relation to the abdominal aorta?

Answer 6

to the right

Question 7

The left renal vein crosses ___ to the abdominal aorta

Answer 7

anterior

Question 8

The left and right crus of the diaphragm form what?

Answer 8

aortic hiatus

Question 9

The anterior longitudinal ligament & vertebral bodies are ___ to the aorta?

Answer 9

posterior

Question 10

The anterior longitudinal ligament and vertebral bodes are ___ to the aorta

Answer 10

posterior

Question 11

Sympathetic trunks are ___ in relation to the abdominal aorta

Answer 11

lateral

Question 12

The thoracic duct with the cistern chyli is usually to the ___ of the abdominal aorta

Answer 12

right

Question 13

The pancreas, duodenum, and root of THE mesentery are ___ to the abdominal aorta

Answer 13

anterior

Question 14

What are the paired branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 14

inferior phrenic aa., subcostal and lumbar aa., suprarenal aa., renal aa., gonadal aa, common illiac aa.

Question 15

What are the un-paired branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 15

celiac trunk, superior mesenteric a., inferior mesenteric a. , median sacral a.

Question 16

The celiac trunk branches from aorta immediately below what?

Answer 16

aortic hiatus

Question 17

What are the 3 major branches of the celiac trunk?

Answer 17

left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, and splenic artery

Question 18

What does the left gastric artery branch to?

Answer 18

lesser curvature

Question 19

What two arteries does the common hepatic artery branch into?

Answer 19

proper hepatic artery; gastroduodenal artery

Question 20

This artery that is a branch from the celiac trunk, runs posterior to the stomach/superior to the pancreas, is very tortuous, and its branches do not anatomose

Answer 20

splenic artery

Question 21

Where do the short gastric aa. and left gastro-omental artery (branches of splenic artery) go?

Answer 21

greater curvature of the stomach

Question 22

In regards to the portal triad, what is the orientation of the three components?

Answer 22

hepatic artery (proper): left
portal vein: posterior
bile duct: right

Question 23

In regards to blod supply to the liver, the portal vein does what?

Answer 23

brings deoxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from GI tract to the liver

Question 24

In regards to blod supply to the liver, the hepatic artery (proper) does what?

Answer 24

supplies oxygenated blood

Question 25

In regards to blod supply to the liver, the venous drainage is done by what?

Answer 25

right and left hepatic veins which drain into the right and left sides of the IVC.

Question 26

Do hepatic veins follow the branching patterns of portal veins, hepatic ducts and hepatic artery?

Answer 26

no

Question 27

What does the superior mesenteric artery emerge from?

Answer 27

aorta posterior to the neck of the pancreas

Question 28

The pancreas receives branches from what?

Answer 28

both the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries

Question 29

The celiac mesenteric artery is a branch of what?

Answer 29

gastroduodenal

Question 30

This artery is usually the first branch of the superior mesenteric artery

Answer 30

inferior pancreaticoduodenal

Question 31

True or false? The branches from the superior mesenteric artery meet the branches from the gastroduodenal, forming anatomizing arcades on the anterior and posterior surface of the head of the pancreas

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What organ does the superior mesenteric artery branch to?

Answer 32

small intestine

Question 33

Jejunal arteries have ___ vasa recta, ___ arcades

Answer 33

long; simple

Question 34

Ileal arteries have ___ vasa recta, and ___ arcades

Answer 34

short; complex

Question 35

This artery has a posterior cecal branch, anterior cecal branch, ileal branches, and appendicular branch

Answer 35

ileocolic artery

Question 36

Which gut (hindgut, midgut, foregut) does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 36

hindgut

Question 37

What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

Answer 37

left colic a., sigmoid a's., superior rectal a.

Question 38

Where do superior rectal veins drain to?

Answer 38

mesenteric vein

Question 39

Where do middle rectal veins drain to?

Answer 39

internal iliac veins

Question 40

Where do inferior rectal veins drain to?

Answer 40

external pudendal veins

Question 41

The hepatic portal system begins as capillaries in the digestive system and ends as capillaries in what?

Answer 41

the liver

Question 42

The hepatic portal system drains blood from what?

Answer 42

from the esophagus to the upper anal canal

Question 43

True or False? | The portal vein has valves

Answer 43

false; it is valveless

Question 44

What is the portal vein formed by?

Answer 44

the splenic vein, superior mesenteric vein, & inferior mesenteric vein

Question 45

The hepatic portal system forms ___ to the neck of the pancreas

Answer 45

posterior

Question 46

The hepatic portal system runs through the ___ ___ to enter the liver at the porta hepatis

Answer 46

hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 47

What are the direct tributaries of the portal v.?

Answer 47

paraumbilical vv., cystic v., left gastric v., right gastric v.

Question 48

What are the direct tributaries of the splenic v.?

Answer 48

splenic vv. (proper), short gastric vv., left gastro-omental v., pancreatic vv.

Question 49

What are the direct tributaries of the superior mesenteric v.?

Answer 49

right gastro-omental v., pancreaticoduodenal vv.

Question 50

True or False? | Blood can drain superiorly into the azygous system?

Answer 50

true

Question 51

Blood can drain ___ into the portal system

Answer 51

inferiorly

Question 52

At what vertebra do iliac veins join to form IVC at?

Answer 52

L5

Question 53

formation of the IVC is ___ and ___ to the aortic bifurcation

Answer 53

posterior; inferior

Question 54

True or False? | The IVC passes through the liver

Answer 54

true

Question 55

True or False? | The IVC drains the anterior body wall

Answer 55

false; posterior body wall

Question 56

The common iliacs, lumbar veins, renal veins, and hepatic veins are all major tributaries of what?

Answer 56

the IVC

Question 57

Veins from the gastrointestinal tract normally drain directly or indirectly into what vein?

Answer 57

portal vein

Question 58

Veins from the posterior structures, such as kidneys, normally drain into what?

Answer 58

the IVC

Question 59

How many main ways are there for blood to bypass the liver?

Answer 59

4

Question 60

In regards to blood bypassing the liver, the esophageal branches of left gastric v. connect with veins on what?

Answer 60

lower thoracic esophagus

Question 61

What are esophageal varicose?

Answer 61

lower esophagus, dilated veins, related to portal hypertension/cirrhosis of liver

Question 62

In regards to blood bypassing the liver, the paraumbilical veins in the falciform ligament with what?

Answer 62

subcutaneous veins around umbilicus in the anterior abdominal wall

Question 63

What is caput medusae?

Answer 63

distended paraumbilical veins that radiate across abdomen; usually from portal hypertension

Question 64

In regards to blood bypassing the liver, the colic veins to what?

Answer 64

retroperitoneal veins

Question 65

Where do the veins of retzius drain?

Answer 65

into the IVC

Question 66

In regards to blood bypassing the liver, between superior rectal veins and what?

Answer 66

middle and inferior rectal veins; related to rectal varicosities/hemorrhoids

Question 67

What vein do the left suprarenal and gonadal veins enter?

Answer 67

Left renal vein