Gut Circulation Flashcards
The abdominal aorta begins at what vertebra?
T12
What does the abdominal aorta enter through?
aortic hiatus
Is the abdominal aorta intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?
retroperitoneal
What vertebrae does the abdominal aorta relate to?
L1-L4; terminates at L4
What does the abdominal aorta divide into?
left and right common iliac arteries
Where is the IVC in relation to the abdominal aorta?
to the right
The left renal vein crosses ___ to the abdominal aorta
anterior
The left and right crus of the diaphragm form what?
aortic hiatus
The anterior longitudinal ligament & vertebral bodies are ___ to the aorta?
posterior
The anterior longitudinal ligament and vertebral bodes are ___ to the aorta
posterior
Sympathetic trunks are ___ in relation to the abdominal aorta
lateral
The thoracic duct with the cistern chyli is usually to the ___ of the abdominal aorta
right
The pancreas, duodenum, and root of THE mesentery are ___ to the abdominal aorta
anterior
What are the paired branches of the abdominal aorta?
inferior phrenic aa., subcostal and lumbar aa., suprarenal aa., renal aa., gonadal aa, common illiac aa.
What are the un-paired branches of the abdominal aorta?
celiac trunk, superior mesenteric a., inferior mesenteric a. , median sacral a.
The celiac trunk branches from aorta immediately below what?
aortic hiatus
What are the 3 major branches of the celiac trunk?
left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, and splenic artery
What does the left gastric artery branch to?
lesser curvature
What two arteries does the common hepatic artery branch into?
proper hepatic artery; gastroduodenal artery
This artery that is a branch from the celiac trunk, runs posterior to the stomach/superior to the pancreas, is very tortuous, and its branches do not anatomose
splenic artery
Where do the short gastric aa. and left gastro-omental artery (branches of splenic artery) go?
greater curvature of the stomach
In regards to the portal triad, what is the orientation of the three components?
hepatic artery (proper): left
portal vein: posterior
bile duct: right
In regards to blod supply to the liver, the portal vein does what?
brings deoxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from GI tract to the liver
In regards to blod supply to the liver, the hepatic artery (proper) does what?
supplies oxygenated blood
In regards to blod supply to the liver, the venous drainage is done by what?
right and left hepatic veins which drain into the right and left sides of the IVC.
Do hepatic veins follow the branching patterns of portal veins, hepatic ducts and hepatic artery?
no
What does the superior mesenteric artery emerge from?
aorta posterior to the neck of the pancreas
The pancreas receives branches from what?
both the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries
The celiac mesenteric artery is a branch of what?
gastroduodenal
This artery is usually the first branch of the superior mesenteric artery
inferior pancreaticoduodenal
True or false?
The branches from the superior mesenteric artery meet the branches from the gastroduodenal, forming anatomizing arcades on the anterior and posterior surface of the head of the pancreas
True
What organ does the superior mesenteric artery branch to?
small intestine
Jejunal arteries have ___ vasa recta, ___ arcades
long; simple
Ileal arteries have ___ vasa recta, and ___ arcades
short; complex
This artery has a posterior cecal branch, anterior cecal branch, ileal branches, and appendicular branch
ileocolic artery
Which gut (hindgut, midgut, foregut) does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?
hindgut
What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?
left colic a., sigmoid a’s., superior rectal a.
Where do superior rectal veins drain to?
mesenteric vein
Where do middle rectal veins drain to?
internal iliac veins
Where do inferior rectal veins drain to?
external pudendal veins
The hepatic portal system begins as capillaries in the digestive system and ends as capillaries in what?
the liver
The hepatic portal system drains blood from what?
from the esophagus to the upper anal canal
True or False?
The portal vein has valves
false; it is valveless
What is the portal vein formed by?
the splenic vein, superior mesenteric vein, & inferior mesenteric vein
The hepatic portal system forms ___ to the neck of the pancreas
posterior
The hepatic portal system runs through the ___ ___ to enter the liver at the porta hepatis
hepatoduodenal ligament
What are the direct tributaries of the portal v.?
paraumbilical vv., cystic v., left gastric v., right gastric v.
What are the direct tributaries of the splenic v.?
splenic vv. (proper), short gastric vv., left gastro-omental v., pancreatic vv.
What are the direct tributaries of the superior mesenteric v.?
right gastro-omental v., pancreaticoduodenal vv.
True or False?
Blood can drain superiorly into the azygous system?
true
Blood can drain ___ into the portal system
inferiorly
At what vertebra do iliac veins join to form IVC at?
L5
formation of the IVC is ___ and ___ to the aortic bifurcation
posterior; inferior
True or False?
The IVC passes through the liver
true
True or False?
The IVC drains the anterior body wall
false; posterior body wall
The common iliacs, lumbar veins, renal veins, and hepatic veins are all major tributaries of what?
the IVC
Veins from the gastrointestinal tract normally drain directly or indirectly into what vein?
portal vein
Veins from the posterior structures, such as kidneys, normally drain into what?
the IVC
How many main ways are there for blood to bypass the liver?
4
In regards to blood bypassing the liver, the esophageal branches of left gastric v. connect with veins on what?
lower thoracic esophagus
What are esophageal varicose?
lower esophagus, dilated veins, related to portal hypertension/cirrhosis of liver
In regards to blood bypassing the liver, the paraumbilical veins in the falciform ligament with what?
subcutaneous veins around umbilicus in the anterior abdominal wall
What is caput medusae?
distended paraumbilical veins that radiate across abdomen; usually from portal hypertension
In regards to blood bypassing the liver, the colic veins to what?
retroperitoneal veins
Where do the veins of retzius drain?
into the IVC
In regards to blood bypassing the liver, between superior rectal veins and what?
middle and inferior rectal veins; related to rectal varicosities/hemorrhoids
What vein do the left suprarenal and gonadal veins enter?
Left renal vein
