Peritoneum Flashcards
Describe the two layers of the peritoneum
parietal layer: lines the body wall, has abundant pain fibers via nerves from the body wall
visceral layer: covers viscera, lacks pain fibers
Intraperitoneal organs are covered by what on most sides?
visceral peritoneum
Intraperitoneal organs are suspended by what from the body wall?
mesentary
True or False?
retroperitoneal organs are only covered by parietal peritoneum on one side
true
What are the intraperitoneal organs?
stomach, small intestine, spleen, liver, ovaries, gallbladder, cecum, large intestine, uterine tubes
What are the retroperitoneal organs?
kidneys, pancreas, urinary bladder, ureters, gonads, aorta and inferior vena cava, part of duodenum
Where do the nerves that supply the peritoneum come from?
the adjacent body wall; supply pain and vasomotor fibers
THE mesentery attaches what?
the “free” small intestine to the posterior body wall, jejunum, and ileum
The transverse mesocolon fuses with what?
the posterior layer of the greater omentum
Which mesenteries are lost during development?
duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon and cecum
True or False?
Peritoneal ligaments usually transmit nerves and vessels
true
What is the greater omentum?
broad, 2-4-layered sheet of peritoneum that attaches the stomach to other viscera
The lesser omentum is subdivided into what two ligaments?
hepatogastric ligament
hepatoduodenal ligament
Coronary ligaments, right and left triangular ligaments, falciform ligament, ligamentum treres hepatic are all peritoneal ligaments associated with what?
the liver
What is a fold?
a ridge or elevation in the peritoneum produced by underlying vessels
What are fossae or recesses?
depressions between folds
Structures coursing through the extra peritoneal tissue form elevations on the interior abdominal wall called what?
peritoneal (umbilical) folds
How many medial and lateral umbilical folds are there in the abdominal wall?
medial: 2
lateral: 2
Median umbilical fold is formed by what?
urachus
The medial umbilical folds are formed by what?
medial umbilical ligaments
The lateral umbilical folds are formed by what?
inferior epigastric vessels
The falciform ligament is a remnant of what?
obliterated umbilical vein
What is the site for supravesical hernias?
supravesical fossa
What is the site for direct inguinal hernias?
medial inguinal fossa
What is the site for indirect inguinal hernias?
lateral inguinal fossa
What is the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity?
most of the “potential” space within the abdomen
Recesses and fossae of the peritoneal cavity are clinically important because…?
abscesses may develop and excess fluid will pool there
The upper and lower parts of the inframesocolic region of the greater sac are divided by what?
THE mesentary
Which ligament limitsj the spread of fluid superiorly in the inframesocolic region of the greater sac?
phrenicocolic
Where is the lesser sac located?
posterior and inferior to the stomach
How do the greater and lesser sac communicate?
through the epiploic foramen (of Winslow)
Where is the superior recess located?
posterior to the liver
Where is the inferior recess located?
potential space between the 2 layers of the gastrocolic ligament
Where is the splenic recess found?
posterior to and left of the stomach
