Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy II > Embryology of the Urogenital System > Flashcards

Embryology of the Urogenital System Flashcards

1
Q

The urinary (and genital) system develops from what?

A

mesoderm of trilaminar disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Intermediate mesoderm separates from lateral and paraxial mesoderm during folding and forms what?

A

urogenital ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In regards to mesonephros, during the 4th week, what develops?

A

A second primitive kidney; functional glomeruli; mesonephric tubules; and mesonephric duct opens into cloaca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mesonephros are present and functional from week ___ to week ___

A

6-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

After week 10, mesonephros degenerates except for:

A

the duct system - contributes to part of the male genital system
some vestigial structures in the female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Steps in Renogenesis involve a process of reciprocal induction, which is ___ ___ dependent

A

retinoic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In regards to Renogenesis, what type of patterning establishes a “renogenic” region within th intermediate mesoderm in the tail of the embryo?

A

cranial-caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The renogenic mesoderm is the ___ ___

A

metanephric blastem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In Renogenesis, the metanephric blastema secretes growth factors that include growth factors that induce growth of the ___ ___ from the caudal portion of the mesonephric duct

A

ureteric bud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In renogenesis, the ureteric bud proliferates and responds by secreting growth factors that stimulates proliferation and then differentiation of the metanephric blastema into what?

A

glomeruli and kidney tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In renogenesis, pertuberations in any aspects of inductive events may cause what?

A

inhibition of ureteric bud growth and renal hypoplasia or agenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List uteric bud derivatives in order that they develop

A

collecting tubules/ducts -> minor calyces -> major calyces -> renal pelvis -> ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Blood plasma from glomerular capillaries begins to be filtered by what week?

A

10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Urine is produced but the primary function is not to clear waste. What is the primary function at this time?

A

supplement production of amniotic fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is oligohydraminos?

A

insufficient amount of amniotic fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What indicates bilateral renal agenesis or urethral obstruction?

A

oligohydraminos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Kidneys are formed in pelvis but ascend to lumbar region with progressive revascularization from which two sources?

A

common iliac & aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Aberrant renal vessels enter the kidney independently from what?

A

primary renal vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

True or false?

Aberrant renal arteries that enter the upper or lower poles of the kidney may pose problems

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Aberrant arteries to the inferior pole of the kidney may be the cause of obstruction of the ureter and may cause what?

A

an intermittent or continous obstruction to urinary drainage from the renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Renal fusion prevents what?

A

normal rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Renal fusion causes abnormal blood supply in what area?

A

usually from middle sacral or common iliac arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the name of the most common fused kidney?

A

horseshoe kidney

24
Q

This type of renal tumor usually affects children under the age of 5 and is caused by mutations in the WT1 gene

A

Wilms’ tumor

25
Q

In regards to development of the urinary bladder, the cloaca is divided by what?

A

the urorectal septum

26
Q

The dorsal portion of the cloaca develops into what?

A

the rectum and anal canal

27
Q

The ventral portion of the cloaca develops into what?

A

the bladder and urogenital sinus which will give rise to the bladder and lower urogenital tracts

28
Q

The triangular region of the incorporated mesonephric duct incorporated in the bladder wall forms the ____

A

trigone

29
Q

What occurs during a urachal fistula

A

bladder is continuous superiorly with allantois

30
Q

Remnants of the tracheal lumen may give rise to urachal ___, which usually present as an abdominal mass

A

cysts

31
Q

The genotype of the embryo is established when?

A

at fertilization

32
Q

True or False?

From weeks 1-6, the embryo remains in an undifferentiated state

A

true

33
Q

Phenotypic sexual differentiation occurs at what week?

A

week 7

34
Q

male and female external genitalia can be recognized at what week?

A

week 12

35
Q

phenotypic differentiation is complete at what week?

A

week 20

36
Q

Fetal sex of male is encoded on which gene on the Y chromosome?

A

SRY

37
Q

Synthesis of SRY protein triggers what?

A

male development

38
Q

If SRY is not expressed, what occurs?

A

female development

39
Q

In regards to development of genital ducts, how many pairs of ducts are present in both sexes?

A

two

40
Q

Both pairs of ducts are present during what stage of development

A

indifferent stage

41
Q

In the male, which ducts play the most important role?

A

the mesonephric ducts

42
Q

In the female, which ducts play the most important role?

A

paramesonephric

43
Q

The gonads develop from what 3 tissues?

A

epithelium of intraembyronic coelom, intermediate mesoderm, and primordial germ cells

44
Q

Pimordial germ cells from mesoderm of yolk sac invade the dorsal mesentery and migrate where?

A

urogenital ridges

45
Q

What are aggregates of supporting cells (hormone secreting cells) of the gonads

A

primary sex cords

46
Q

In regards to external genitalia, what is the phallus in males and females?

A

males: penis
females: clitoris

47
Q

In regards to external genitalia, what are the urogenital folds in males and females?

A

males: shaft of penis
females: labis minoris

48
Q

In regards to external genitalia, what are the genital swellings in males and females?

A

males: scrotum
females: labis majora

49
Q

In regards to internal ducts, partial or total atresia of distal portion of both ducts can result in what?

A

cervical or vaginal atresia

50
Q

46, XY can have a presistence of paramesonephric ducts if the circulating levels of ___ are low or there is an abnormal response to normal ___

A

AMH; AMH

51
Q

Failure of the paramesonephric ducts to develop occurs in

A

mullerian agenesis

note: also called MRKH

52
Q

In regards to external genitalia, what is incomplete fusion of the urethral folds called?

A

hypospadias

53
Q

Females with severe adrenal hyperplasia have ambiguous genitalia at birth due to what?

A

excess adrenal androgen production in utero

54
Q

Name the following disorder:
x-linked disorder in which receptors remain unresponsive to androgens; external genitalia are feminine but internally possess non-functioning testes; at puberty, secondary female sexual characteristics may appear due to estradiol from testosterone aromatizaiton

A

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

55
Q

Name this condition:
autosomal recessive condition resulting in the inability to convert testosterone to the more physiologically active dihydrotestosterone; often misdiagnosed as AIS

A

5-alpha reductase deficiency

Anatomy II (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions