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Anatomy II > Common Pelvic Viscera, Innervation and Vasculature > Flashcards

Common Pelvic Viscera, Innervation and Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

The pelvic cavity is a region encased within the __ __, or bony pelvis

A

pelvic girdle

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2
Q

What bones make up the pelvic girdle?

A

ilium, ischium, pubis, and sacrum

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3
Q

What does the pelvic cavity contain?

A

terminal parts of ureters, urinary bladder, rectum, pelvic genital organs, and part of sigmoid colon and ileum

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4
Q

The greater (true) and lesser (false) pelvis are separated by the __ __

A

pelvic inlet

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5
Q

The pelvic inlet is formed by what?

A

the sacral promontory & ala, and the line terminals of each hip bone

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6
Q

What do the greater and lesser pelvis contain?

A

greater (true) : abdominal contents

lesser (false) : pelvic viscera

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7
Q

This lies over pelvic structures so they are not covered on all sides; serves as a conduit for arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels, nerves; forms folds, fuss & ligaments over some structures

A

peritoneum

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8
Q

This type of pelvic fascia is situated between peritoneum and muscular pelvic walls & floor

A

membranous

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9
Q

This type of pelvic fascia is situated between membranous fascial layers

A

endopelvic

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10
Q

This potential space in the pelvic cavity is between the pubic symphysis and bladder

A

prevesical space

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11
Q

This potential space in the pelvic cavity is between the sacrum and rectum

A

retrorectal space

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12
Q

Condensed endopelvic fascia forms what?

A

ligaments of hypogastric sheath

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13
Q

Parietal membranous fascia condenses to form what?

A

pubovesical ligaments (female) or puboprostatic ligaments (male)

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14
Q

The rectovesical septum separates what?

A

the rectum from the prostate and seminal vesicles

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15
Q

Name the following structure:
retroperitoneal; muscular tubes comprised of smooth muscle and transitional epithelium; peristalsis pushes urine toward the bladder; richly supplied by several sets of blood vessels and nerves; enter the bladder wall obliquely

A

ureters

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16
Q

In regards to ureters, what are the 3 places where urinary calculi catch

A

steric junction of renal pelvis, crossing of the external iliac artery and pelvic brim, vesicoureteric junction

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17
Q

The ureter in the female runs medially to the __ artery and is then crossed by it. Relationship is described as “water under the bridge”

A

uterine

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18
Q

The ureter in the male crosses posterolaterally to the ___ ____ on its way to the bladder

A

ductus deferns

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19
Q

The urinary bladder is located in the ____ space, inferior to the peritoneum and posterior to the pubic symphysis

A

retropubic

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20
Q

The walls of the bladder are primarily made up of which muscle?

A

detrusor muscle

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21
Q

The inside of the bladder is lined by transitional epithelium that form ___ when empty

A

rugae

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22
Q

The ___ is an internal smooth thickened area defined by 2 urethra orifices and the urethra

A

trigone

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23
Q

What sympathetics stimulate internal urethral sphincter to contract?

A

T11- L2

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24
Q

Parasympathetics are motor to the ___ muscle and also inhibit internal urethral sphincter in males

A

detrusor

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25
Q

The arteries that supply the superior bladder are called the ___ ___ aa and come from where?

A

superior vesical; internal iliac

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26
Q

The arteries that supply the inferior/posterior bladder are called what?

A

male: inferior vesical aa
female: vaginal or inferior rectal aa

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27
Q

The urethra in the female begins where?

A

internal urethral orifice

note: no internal urethral sphincter in females

28
Q

The female urethra passes through which 3 things?

A

pelvic diaphragm, external urethral sphincter, and perineal membrane

29
Q

True or false?

The urethra is much longer in females

A

False; shorter

note: short length allows for bacteria form the external environment to be introduced into the bladder - reason why UTI’s are more common in females

30
Q

The rectum is found between what two junctions?

A

the rectosigmoid and anorectal junctions

31
Q

The lumbar splanchnic nerves, hypogastric plexuses, and pelvic splanchnic nerves all innervate what?

A

rectum

32
Q

The sharp posteroinferior angle at the tip of the coccyx bone where gut perforates pelvic diaphragm is called what?

A

anorectal flexure

33
Q

The angle in the anorectal flexure is created by this muscle as it forms a “sling” at the anorectal junction

A

puborectalis muscle

34
Q

The anorectal flexure serves as an important mechanism for ___ ___ due to tons of puborectalis muscle during rectal state, or its active contraction during peristaltic contractions if defecation is not to occur

A

fecal continence

35
Q

In regards to the anal canal, the pectinate line divers what?

A

upper 2/3 from lower 1/3 anal canal

36
Q

In terms of development, the superior 2/3 of the anal canal comes from endoderm, mesoderm, or ectoderm?

A

endoderm

37
Q

In terms of development, the lower 1/3 of the anal canal comes from endoderm, mesoderm, or ectoderm?

A

ectoderm

38
Q

What are the arteries of pelvis?

A

common iliac a, external iliac a, internal iliac a

39
Q

Name the three posterior branches off of the internal iliac a

A

superior gluteal a, iliolumbar a, lateral sacral a

40
Q

Name the anterior branches off of the internal iliac a

A

obturator a, umbilical a, internal pudendal a, supeior vescial aa, uterine a, vaginal a, middle rectal a, inferior gluteal a

41
Q

The inferior gluteal a usually leaves the pelvis between __ and __ of the sacral plexus

A

S2; S3

42
Q

This artery (anterior branch of internal iliac a) almost always exists the pelvis near the ischial spine

A

internal pudendal a

43
Q

What are the differences in the internal iliac a between males and females?

A

males have an inferior vesicle a, females have vaginal aa; males do not have a uterine a

44
Q

The following is another type of pelvic artery found found in females:
arise from aorta
cross anterior to the ureter, over bifurcation of common iliac aa
run in the suspensory ligament

A

ovarian aa

45
Q

Name the following pelvic artery:

arises form posterior aorta at bifurcation into common iliac aa

A

median sacral a

46
Q

Name the following pelvic artery:

anatomies with the deep circumflex iliac aa off of external iliac aa

A

iliolumbar aa

47
Q

Veins of the pelvic drain into what?

A

internal iliac veins

48
Q

The superior rectal vv empty into what?

A

the inferior mesenteric vein, which in turn empties into the portal vein

49
Q

The middle rectal vv empty into what?

A

the inferior vena cava

50
Q

The inferior rectal vv empty into what?

A

the internal pudendal veins which eventually drain to the internal iliac

51
Q

The condition involving prolapsed rectal mucosa containing veins of the internal rectal plexus is called what?

A

internal hemorrhoids

note: associated with visceral nerves

52
Q

The condition involving clots in veins of the external rectal venous plexus is called what?

A

external hemorrhoids

note: associated with somatic nerves

53
Q

True or False

External hemorrhoids are painless, while internal hemorrhoids are excruciating

A

false; internal hemorrhoids are painless, external hemorrhoids are very painful

54
Q

What are the branches of the pudendal nerve in males?

A

inferior rectal n, perineal n, and dorsal n of penis

55
Q

What is formed by the bowl-shaped pelvic diaphragm, which includes the coccygeus & levator ani muscle group? (LAM)

A

pelvic floor

56
Q

The diaphragm attaches to a thickening in the obturator fascia, known as the ___ ___ of levator Dani, which covers the obturator interns muscle overlying the lateral pelvic wall

A

tendinous arch

57
Q

The anterior gap in the medial borders of the LAM that allow for passage of the urethra, and vagina in females is called what?

A

urogenital hiatus

58
Q

The pelvic floor is mostly tonically contracted which resists what?

A

increases in intra-abdominal pressure, supports abdominopelvic viscera, assists in maintaining urinary and fecal continence

59
Q

What is the pelvic floor innervated by?

A

levator ani n, inferior rectal n, and coccygeal plexus

60
Q

The leavtor ani n arises from which sacral rami?

A

S4 mostly and S3

61
Q

True or false?

The levator ani n can sometimes be injured during vaginal birth

A

true

62
Q

Disruption of the levator ani n can lead to what type of dysfunction in the pelvic floor?

A

urinary incontinence and prolapse of pelvic viscera

63
Q

What is the inferior part of vagina innervated by?

A

somatic branches from the internal pudendal n

64
Q

What are the middle and superior parts of the vagina and uterus innervated by?

A

visceral nn. from uterovaginal plexus, by sympathetics from lumbar splanchnic, and by parasympathetics from S2-4

65
Q

The pelvic pain line follows the peritoneum. Pain from viscera above the line follows ___. Pain from viscera below the line follows ___.

A

sympathetics; parasympathetics

Anatomy II (17 decks)

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