Abdominal Viscera Flashcards
What are the contents of the foregut (celiac trunk)?
esophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas
What are the contents of the midgut (superior mesenteric artery)?
duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum & appendix, ascending colon, 2/3 of transverse colon
What are the contents of the Hindgut (inferior mesenteric artery)?
1/3 transverse, descending & sigmoid colon, rectum & anal canal
Where does the thoracic esophagus pierce the diaphragm at?
T10, the esophageal hiatus
What structure passes through the diaphragm at T8? T12?
T8: IVC
T12: aorta
What is a sliding hiatal hernia?
where the esophageal hiatus of diaphragm enlarges or weakens, leading to parts of the abdominal esophagus and stomach to herniate into the thorax
What is a paraesophageal hiatal hernia?
a defect in diaphragm next to esophageal hiatus; permits fundus of stomach to herniate
Where is the stomach located?
left hypochondria and epigastric regions
The diaphragm, spleen, left suprarenal gland, upper left kidney, pancreas, left colic flexure, left transverse colon, transverse mesocolonto are all ____ the stomach?
posterior
What is anterior to the stomach?
left costal margin, left diaphragm, left & quadrate lobes of the liver
This is located between the stomach and the large intestine
small intestine
This division of the small intestine is C-shaped, 10 inches long, located approximately at L1 to L4, and is divided into 4 parts
duodenum
Where does the root of the mesentery begin?
duodeno-jejunal flexure
This part of the duodenum starts at the pyloric sphincter, is about 2 inches long, held in place by the hepatoduodenal ligament, head of the pancreas is inferior to this part
1st part (superior)
Describe the 2nd part (designing) of the duodenum
about 3 inches long, all retroperitoneal, the fundus of the gallbladder, right lobe of liver, and transverse colon are all anterior to this part, the right kidney and ureter are posterior, the bile and pancreatic ducts enter this part at the major duodenal papilla
The superior mesenteric artery and vein and the root of the mesentery cross the anterior surface of this part of the duodenum
3rd part (horizontal)
This part of the duodenum is not covered by peritoneum and is held in place by the suspensory ligament of the duodenum and anchors to the right crus of the diaphragm
4th part (ascending)
These two parts of the small intestine occupy most of the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen and pelvis and coiled, are about 20 feet long
Jejunum and Ileum
The jejunum and ileum are very mobile and held to the posterior wall by what?
THE mesentery
The jejunum by itself is how long?
8-10 feet; 2/5 of the free small intestine
The jejunum has ___ vascular arcades, ___ vasa recta, ___ pilcae circularis
simple; long; more
The ileum by itself is how long?
10-12 feet; 3/5 of the free small intestine
The ileum has ____ vascular arcades, ___ vasa recta, and ___ pilcae circularis
compound; shorter; fewer
Meckel’s diverticulum can be a feature of the what part of the small intestine?
ileum
THE mesentery is ___ inches long at it’s root and ___ feet long at it’s intestinal border
6-7; 20
What are the functions of the large intestine?
fecal formation, water absorption, and mucus secretion
What are taenia coli and where are they located?
3 bands of longitudinal muscle on the outside of the colon; they produce haustrae that slow the movement of feces
What are appendices epiploicae?
tags of fat on the large intestine
Does the cecum have epiploic appendages?
no
The ___ valve is 2 folds that are not a true sphincter
iliocolic
What is the ileal papilla?
cone-like projection of the ileum into the cecum
The vermiform appendix is usually attached to what?
posteromedial part of the cecum; located at the junction of 3 taenia coli
What parts of the colon are intraperitoneal and which parts are retroperitoneal?
intraperitoneal: transverse, sigmoid
retroperitoneal: ascending, descending
This organ is found in the left hypochondria region; parallels left ribs 9, 10, and 11; about the size of a hand; normally not palpable below the costal margin
spleen
Is the spleen covered by peritoneum?
yes
What does the spleen develop from?
mesoderm
The diaphragm is ___ to the spleen
posterior
The stomach and tail of the pancreas are ___ to the spleen
anterior
The left kidney is ___ to the spleen
inferior
The diaphragmatic surface of the spleen is smooth or rough?
smooth
The visceral surface contains a hilum with what two ligaments?
gastrosplenic and splenorenal
This organ is secondarily retroperitoneal and located at about L1-L2
pancreas
The superior mesenteric artery and vein are ___ to the neck of the pancreas
posterior
The splenic vein and artery run ____ ____ to or ___ to the body of the pancreas
horizontally superior; posterior
The tail of the pancreas is against what other organ?
spleen
The inferior vena cava and aorta are ___ to the body of the pancreas
posterior
The stomach is ___ to the spleen
spleen
The transverse colon lies ___ and ___ to the pancreas
anterior and inferior
The main pancreatic duct joins what as they enter the 2nd part of the duodenum together through a common hepatopancreatic ampulla?
the bile duct
the hepatopancreatic ampulla forms what?
the major duodenal papilla
The accessory pancreatic duct enters the duodenum at the more superior ___ ____ ___
minor duodenal papilla
Most of the liver is located in what quadrant?
right upper quadrant
The small left lobe of the liver is located in what quadrant?
left upper quadrant
What are the 4 lobes of the liver?
left, right, caudate, quadrate
The falciform ligament is a double layer of peritoneum that connects liver to what?
anterior wall
As the peritoneum attaches the liver to the anterior wall, it splits to enclose this area of the liver
bare area
The bare area of the liver includes what?
the area where the IVC is posterior to the liver and the hepatic veins drain into it
The ligamentum venosum is between what lobes in the liver?
left and caudate
The ligamentum teres h. is between what lobes in the liver
left and quadrate
Where is the porta hepatis and what does it do?
a transverse fissure between caudate and quadrate lobes of the liver; transmits the portal triad
What makes up the portal triad?
hepatic artery; portal vein; and bile duct
The ligamentum treres is in the edge of the falciform which comes from?
obliterated umbilical vein
The ligamentum venosum is the “old” what?
ductus venosus; used to connect the umbilical vein with the inferior vena cava
The hepatic fossa is for what?
gall bladder
The falciform ligament attaches with what?
ligamentum teres
The lesser omentum attaches with what?
hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments
True or False?
The fundus of the gall bladder is the highest, narrowest part.
false; lowest and widest
What two extrahepatic bile passages form the common hepatic duct?
right and left hepatic duct
What are the five ducts of the gall bladder?
right and left hepatic duct, common hepatic duct, cystic duct, and bile duct
What is the bile duct formed by?
the cystic and common hepatic ducts
Where does the bile duct run?
in the edge of the lesser omentum; goes posterior and inferior to the 1st part of the duodenum, posterior to the head of the pancreas enters the 2nd part of the duodenum with the pancreatic duct
