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Anatomy II > Abdominal Viscera > Flashcards

Abdominal Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

What are the contents of the foregut (celiac trunk)?

A

esophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas

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2
Q

What are the contents of the midgut (superior mesenteric artery)?

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum & appendix, ascending colon, 2/3 of transverse colon

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3
Q

What are the contents of the Hindgut (inferior mesenteric artery)?

A

1/3 transverse, descending & sigmoid colon, rectum & anal canal

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4
Q

Where does the thoracic esophagus pierce the diaphragm at?

A

T10, the esophageal hiatus

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5
Q

What structure passes through the diaphragm at T8? T12?

A

T8: IVC
T12: aorta

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6
Q

What is a sliding hiatal hernia?

A

where the esophageal hiatus of diaphragm enlarges or weakens, leading to parts of the abdominal esophagus and stomach to herniate into the thorax

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7
Q

What is a paraesophageal hiatal hernia?

A

a defect in diaphragm next to esophageal hiatus; permits fundus of stomach to herniate

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8
Q

Where is the stomach located?

A

left hypochondria and epigastric regions

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9
Q

The diaphragm, spleen, left suprarenal gland, upper left kidney, pancreas, left colic flexure, left transverse colon, transverse mesocolonto are all ____ the stomach?

A

posterior

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10
Q

What is anterior to the stomach?

A

left costal margin, left diaphragm, left & quadrate lobes of the liver

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11
Q

This is located between the stomach and the large intestine

A

small intestine

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12
Q

This division of the small intestine is C-shaped, 10 inches long, located approximately at L1 to L4, and is divided into 4 parts

A

duodenum

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13
Q

Where does the root of the mesentery begin?

A

duodeno-jejunal flexure

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14
Q

This part of the duodenum starts at the pyloric sphincter, is about 2 inches long, held in place by the hepatoduodenal ligament, head of the pancreas is inferior to this part

A

1st part (superior)

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15
Q

Describe the 2nd part (designing) of the duodenum

A

about 3 inches long, all retroperitoneal, the fundus of the gallbladder, right lobe of liver, and transverse colon are all anterior to this part, the right kidney and ureter are posterior, the bile and pancreatic ducts enter this part at the major duodenal papilla

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16
Q

The superior mesenteric artery and vein and the root of the mesentery cross the anterior surface of this part of the duodenum

A

3rd part (horizontal)

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17
Q

This part of the duodenum is not covered by peritoneum and is held in place by the suspensory ligament of the duodenum and anchors to the right crus of the diaphragm

A

4th part (ascending)

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18
Q

These two parts of the small intestine occupy most of the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen and pelvis and coiled, are about 20 feet long

A

Jejunum and Ileum

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19
Q

The jejunum and ileum are very mobile and held to the posterior wall by what?

A

THE mesentery

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20
Q

The jejunum by itself is how long?

A

8-10 feet; 2/5 of the free small intestine

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21
Q

The jejunum has ___ vascular arcades, ___ vasa recta, ___ pilcae circularis

A

simple; long; more

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22
Q

The ileum by itself is how long?

A

10-12 feet; 3/5 of the free small intestine

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23
Q

The ileum has ____ vascular arcades, ___ vasa recta, and ___ pilcae circularis

A

compound; shorter; fewer

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24
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum can be a feature of the what part of the small intestine?

A

ileum

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25
Q

THE mesentery is ___ inches long at it’s root and ___ feet long at it’s intestinal border

A

6-7; 20

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26
Q

What are the functions of the large intestine?

A

fecal formation, water absorption, and mucus secretion

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27
Q

What are taenia coli and where are they located?

A

3 bands of longitudinal muscle on the outside of the colon; they produce haustrae that slow the movement of feces

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28
Q

What are appendices epiploicae?

A

tags of fat on the large intestine

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29
Q

Does the cecum have epiploic appendages?

A

no

30
Q

The ___ valve is 2 folds that are not a true sphincter

A

iliocolic

31
Q

What is the ileal papilla?

A

cone-like projection of the ileum into the cecum

32
Q

The vermiform appendix is usually attached to what?

A

posteromedial part of the cecum; located at the junction of 3 taenia coli

33
Q

What parts of the colon are intraperitoneal and which parts are retroperitoneal?

A

intraperitoneal: transverse, sigmoid
retroperitoneal: ascending, descending

34
Q

This organ is found in the left hypochondria region; parallels left ribs 9, 10, and 11; about the size of a hand; normally not palpable below the costal margin

A

spleen

35
Q

Is the spleen covered by peritoneum?

A

yes

36
Q

What does the spleen develop from?

A

mesoderm

37
Q

The diaphragm is ___ to the spleen

A

posterior

38
Q

The stomach and tail of the pancreas are ___ to the spleen

A

anterior

39
Q

The left kidney is ___ to the spleen

A

inferior

40
Q

The diaphragmatic surface of the spleen is smooth or rough?

A

smooth

41
Q

The visceral surface contains a hilum with what two ligaments?

A

gastrosplenic and splenorenal

42
Q

This organ is secondarily retroperitoneal and located at about L1-L2

A

pancreas

43
Q

The superior mesenteric artery and vein are ___ to the neck of the pancreas

A

posterior

44
Q

The splenic vein and artery run ____ ____ to or ___ to the body of the pancreas

A

horizontally superior; posterior

45
Q

The tail of the pancreas is against what other organ?

A

spleen

46
Q

The inferior vena cava and aorta are ___ to the body of the pancreas

A

posterior

47
Q

The stomach is ___ to the spleen

A

spleen

48
Q

The transverse colon lies ___ and ___ to the pancreas

A

anterior and inferior

49
Q

The main pancreatic duct joins what as they enter the 2nd part of the duodenum together through a common hepatopancreatic ampulla?

A

the bile duct

50
Q

the hepatopancreatic ampulla forms what?

A

the major duodenal papilla

51
Q

The accessory pancreatic duct enters the duodenum at the more superior ___ ____ ___

A

minor duodenal papilla

52
Q

Most of the liver is located in what quadrant?

A

right upper quadrant

53
Q

The small left lobe of the liver is located in what quadrant?

A

left upper quadrant

54
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the liver?

A

left, right, caudate, quadrate

55
Q

The falciform ligament is a double layer of peritoneum that connects liver to what?

A

anterior wall

56
Q

As the peritoneum attaches the liver to the anterior wall, it splits to enclose this area of the liver

A

bare area

57
Q

The bare area of the liver includes what?

A

the area where the IVC is posterior to the liver and the hepatic veins drain into it

58
Q

The ligamentum venosum is between what lobes in the liver?

A

left and caudate

59
Q

The ligamentum teres h. is between what lobes in the liver

A

left and quadrate

60
Q

Where is the porta hepatis and what does it do?

A

a transverse fissure between caudate and quadrate lobes of the liver; transmits the portal triad

61
Q

What makes up the portal triad?

A

hepatic artery; portal vein; and bile duct

62
Q

The ligamentum treres is in the edge of the falciform which comes from?

A

obliterated umbilical vein

63
Q

The ligamentum venosum is the “old” what?

A

ductus venosus; used to connect the umbilical vein with the inferior vena cava

64
Q

The hepatic fossa is for what?

A

gall bladder

65
Q

The falciform ligament attaches with what?

A

ligamentum teres

66
Q

The lesser omentum attaches with what?

A

hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments

67
Q

True or False?

The fundus of the gall bladder is the highest, narrowest part.

A

false; lowest and widest

68
Q

What two extrahepatic bile passages form the common hepatic duct?

A

right and left hepatic duct

69
Q

What are the five ducts of the gall bladder?

A

right and left hepatic duct, common hepatic duct, cystic duct, and bile duct

70
Q

What is the bile duct formed by?

A

the cystic and common hepatic ducts

71
Q

Where does the bile duct run?

A

in the edge of the lesser omentum; goes posterior and inferior to the 1st part of the duodenum, posterior to the head of the pancreas enters the 2nd part of the duodenum with the pancreatic duct

Anatomy II (17 decks)

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