Female and Male Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards
What plexus is made up of pelvic plexus(es); rectal, prostatic, vesicle, uterovaginal, etc; and has sympathetics, parasympathetics, and afferents
inferior hypogastric plexus
In females, the muscular tube located between the bladder and rectum and inferior to the uterus is called what?
vagina
How long is the vagina?
about 8cm long
What does the vagina open through?
the perineal membrane into the vestibule
What muscle supports the vagina?
the pubovaginalis part of the levator ani muscle
What membrane supports the vagina?
perineal membrane
Where does the urethra begin in females?
internal urethral orifice of the bladder
Describe the path of the urethra
passes through the external urethral sphincter, perineal membrane, then through the perineum and vestibule
True or false?
The vagina is between the bladder and rectum
true
The superior part of the vagina surrounds what?
the cervix of the uterus
This device is used to exams the uterine tubes or ovaries
culdoscopy
This procedure is used to aspirate fluid from the rectouterine pouch
culdocentesis
The ureter passes inferior to what artery along the lateral sides of the uterus
uterine artery
Uterine arteries enter the sides of the uterus through which ligament
broad ligament
Branches of the uterine artery ascend and descend to anastomose with what?
vaginal aa and ovarian aa
Name the following female structure:
pear-shaped, hollow, muscular, and mobile
uterus
uterine tubes transport the ___ to the uterus (about 10cm)
ovum
True or false?
The distal ends of the uterine tubes are closed to the peritoneum
false; open
The ___ of the uterus is normally anteverted and anteflexed
fundus
The ___ of the uterus is angled anteriorly (relative to the vagina) and the top of the ___ “flexes” anteriorly over the bladder
axis; fundus
If the uterus is not anteverted and anteflexed, increased intra-abdominal pressure can push the uterus ____
inferiorly
note: contributes to prolapse of uterus
The ___ ligament of the uterus is a double layer of peritoneum that “drapes” over the uterus and associated structures
broad
The broad ligament also encloses the ___ ligament of the uterus as it extends from the anterior-lateral part of the uterus to the deep inguinal ring
round
___ ___ ligaments are condensations of endopelvic fascia that support the uterus
transverse cervical
Transverse cervical ligaments attach to the ___ sides of the uterus and vagina
lateral
What vessels and nerves run through or along the transverse cervical ligaments?
uterine
___ ligaments are also condensations of endopelvic fascia that extend from the sides of the cervix to the sacrum
uterosacral
What two structures are extremely important in preventing prolapse of pelvic structures?
levator ani muscle; perineal body
___ are located near the attachment of the broad ligament to the lateral pelvic wall
ovaries
Ovaries are suspended from the lateral pelvic wall by the ___ ligament of the ovary which contains ovarian aa, vv, nn, and lymphatics
suspensory
The inferior part of the vagina is innervated by what?
somatic branches from the internal pudenda n.
The middle and superior parts of the vagina and the uterus are innervated by what?
visceral nn: uterovaginal plexus, sympathetics from lumbar splanchnics, parasympathetics from pelvic splanchnic S2, S3, S4
What is an anesthetic agent that is injected into the subarachnoid space between L3 and L4 called?
spinal block
Can uterine contractions be felt after a spinal block?
no
Can uterine contractions be felt after a pudendal nerve block?
yes
What type of block must also be performed in order to abolish sensation in the anterior volva?
ilioinguinal block
note: sometimes a posterior femoral cutaneous nerve block may also be necessary
These glands found in males are superior to perineal membrane, and are embedded within sphincter urethrae
bulbourethral glands
Bulbourethral glands in the male open into what part of the urethra?
spongy urethra
True or false?
The bulbourethral glands in the male are responsible for mucus-like secretions that lubricate the urethra
true
In regards to lymphatics of the pelvis (male), the prostate drains primarily to which nodes?
internal iliac nodes
In regards to lymphatics of the pelvis (male), the bladder drains primary to which nodes?
external iliac nodes
In regards to lymphatics of the pelvis (male), the perineal structures drain primarily to which nodes?
superficial inguinal nodes
