Female and Male Reproductive Anatomy

Question 1

What plexus is made up of pelvic plexus(es); rectal, prostatic, vesicle, uterovaginal, etc; and has sympathetics, parasympathetics, and afferents

Answer 1

inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 2

In females, the muscular tube located between the bladder and rectum and inferior to the uterus is called what?

Answer 2

vagina

Question 3

How long is the vagina?

Answer 3

about 8cm long

Question 4

What does the vagina open through?

Answer 4

the perineal membrane into the vestibule

Question 5

What muscle supports the vagina?

Answer 5

the pubovaginalis part of the levator ani muscle

Question 6

What membrane supports the vagina?

Answer 6

perineal membrane

Question 7

Where does the urethra begin in females?

Answer 7

internal urethral orifice of the bladder

Question 8

Describe the path of the urethra

Answer 8

passes through the external urethral sphincter, perineal membrane, then through the perineum and vestibule

Question 9

True or false?

The vagina is between the bladder and rectum

Answer 9

true

Question 10

The superior part of the vagina surrounds what?

Answer 10

the cervix of the uterus

Question 11

This device is used to exams the uterine tubes or ovaries

Answer 11

culdoscopy

Question 12

This procedure is used to aspirate fluid from the rectouterine pouch

Answer 12

culdocentesis

Question 13

The ureter passes inferior to what artery along the lateral sides of the uterus

Answer 13

uterine artery

Question 14

Uterine arteries enter the sides of the uterus through which ligament

Answer 14

broad ligament

Question 15

Branches of the uterine artery ascend and descend to anastomose with what?

Answer 15

vaginal aa and ovarian aa

Question 16

Name the following female structure:

pear-shaped, hollow, muscular, and mobile

Answer 16

uterus

Question 17

uterine tubes transport the ___ to the uterus (about 10cm)

Answer 17

ovum

Question 18

True or false?

The distal ends of the uterine tubes are closed to the peritoneum

Answer 18

false; open

Question 19

The ___ of the uterus is normally anteverted and anteflexed

Answer 19

fundus

Question 20

The ___ of the uterus is angled anteriorly (relative to the vagina) and the top of the ___ “flexes” anteriorly over the bladder

Answer 20

axis; fundus

Question 21

If the uterus is not anteverted and anteflexed, increased intra-abdominal pressure can push the uterus ____

Answer 21

inferiorly

note: contributes to prolapse of uterus

Question 22

The ___ ligament of the uterus is a double layer of peritoneum that “drapes” over the uterus and associated structures

Answer 22

broad

Question 23

The broad ligament also encloses the ___ ligament of the uterus as it extends from the anterior-lateral part of the uterus to the deep inguinal ring

Answer 23

round

Question 24

___ ___ ligaments are condensations of endopelvic fascia that support the uterus

Answer 24

transverse cervical

Question 25

Transverse cervical ligaments attach to the ___ sides of the uterus and vagina

Answer 25

lateral

Question 26

What vessels and nerves run through or along the transverse cervical ligaments?

Answer 26

uterine

Question 27

___ ligaments are also condensations of endopelvic fascia that extend from the sides of the cervix to the sacrum

Answer 27

uterosacral

Question 28

What two structures are extremely important in preventing prolapse of pelvic structures?

Answer 28

levator ani muscle; perineal body

Question 29

___ are located near the attachment of the broad ligament to the lateral pelvic wall

Answer 29

ovaries

Question 30

Ovaries are suspended from the lateral pelvic wall by the ___ ligament of the ovary which contains ovarian aa, vv, nn, and lymphatics

Answer 30

suspensory

Question 31

The inferior part of the vagina is innervated by what?

Answer 31

somatic branches from the internal pudenda n.

Question 32

The middle and superior parts of the vagina and the uterus are innervated by what?

Answer 32

visceral nn: uterovaginal plexus, sympathetics from lumbar splanchnics, parasympathetics from pelvic splanchnic S2, S3, S4

Question 33

What is an anesthetic agent that is injected into the subarachnoid space between L3 and L4 called?

Answer 33

spinal block

Question 34

Can uterine contractions be felt after a spinal block?

Answer 34

no

Question 35

Can uterine contractions be felt after a pudendal nerve block?

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

What type of block must also be performed in order to abolish sensation in the anterior volva?

Answer 36

ilioinguinal block

note: sometimes a posterior femoral cutaneous nerve block may also be necessary

Question 37

These glands found in males are superior to perineal membrane, and are embedded within sphincter urethrae

Answer 37

bulbourethral glands

Question 38

Bulbourethral glands in the male open into what part of the urethra?

Answer 38

spongy urethra

Question 39

True or false?

The bulbourethral glands in the male are responsible for mucus-like secretions that lubricate the urethra

Answer 39

true

Question 40

In regards to lymphatics of the pelvis (male), the prostate drains primarily to which nodes?

Answer 40

internal iliac nodes

Question 41

In regards to lymphatics of the pelvis (male), the bladder drains primary to which nodes?

Answer 41

external iliac nodes

Question 42

In regards to lymphatics of the pelvis (male), the perineal structures drain primarily to which nodes?

Answer 42

superficial inguinal nodes