Substance Abuse and Addictive Disorders Flashcards
The DSM-5 identifies Substance Use and Substance-Induced Disorders for ___ classes of substances.
10.
The 10 classes of substances codified in the DSM-5 for Substance Abuse and Substance-Induced Disorders are:
- _______________
- Caffeine
- _______________
- Phencyclidine and Other Hallucinogens
- _______________
- Opioids
- Sedatives, Hypnotics, or Anxiolytics
- _______________
- Tobacco
- Other/Unknown
- Alcohol
- Cannabis
- Inhalants
- Stimulants
The DSM-5 recognizes one Non-Substance Related Disorder: __________________.
Gambling.
Substance Use Disorder diagnoses require manifestation of at least ___ characteristic symptoms during a 12-month period; these symptoms are categorized into ___ groups.
- 2
- 4
Substance Use Disorder Symptom Category 1 - ________________________:
- Substance used in larger amounts or for a longer period of time than intended
- Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control use
- Great deal of time spent in activities related to obtaining the substance or recovering from its effects
- Craving for the substance
Impaired Control.
Substance Use Disorder Symptom Category 2 - ________________________:
- Recurrent substance use that results in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at home, school, or work
- Recurrent substance use despite persistent social problems caused or worsened by substance use
- Important activities given up or reduced due to substance use
Social Impairment.
Substance Use Disorder Symptom Category 3 - ________________________:
- Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically dangerous to do so
- Continued substance use despite knowing that doing so creates or worsens a physical or psychological problem
Risky Use.
Substance Use Disorder Symptom Category 4 - ________________________:
- Tolerance
- Withdrawal
Pharmacological Criteria.
A diagnosis of Substance Use Disorder can be applied to all classes of drugs except _____________________.
Caffeine.
With respect to the development of Substance Use Disorders, Conger’s (1956) ____________________ contends that alcohol reduces anxiety, fear, and other states of tension and that people drink alcohol to reduce tension, which eventually leads to addiction.
Tension-reduction hypothesis.
Bonus: This is an example of negative reinforcement.
Marlatt and Gordon (1985) contend that addictive behaviors are ______________, and describe addiction as an overlearned, maladaptive ____________ pattern.
- Acquired
- Habit
Marlatt and Gordon (1985) propose that the potential for future relapse is reduced when a person views an episode of drinking as a mistake resulting from specific, _______________, and controllable factors.
External.
Marlatt and Gordon’s ______________________________ involves identifying circumstances that increase the individual’s risk for relapse, and implementing behavioral and cognitive strategies that help the individual prevent future lapses and deal more effectively with them if they occur.
Relapse Prevention Therapy (RPT).
The following factors have been identified as predictive of successful smoking cessation:
- Male gender
- Age ___ or older
- College education
- Smoke-free home
- Non-smoking work policy
- Married or living with a partner
- Later age at smoking onset
- Low level of ______________
- History of >___ days abstinence during previous cessation attempts
- 35 years
- Nicotine dependence
- 5 days
Smoking cessation interventions have been shown to increase the likelihood of long-term abstinence when they include 3 factors:
- _____________ replacement therapy
- Multicomponent ______________________ therapy
- ______________ assistance
- Nicotine
- Behavioral
- Clinician
Substance-Induced Disorders include:
- Substance ______________
- Substance Withdrawal
- Substance/Medication-Induced _____________ Disorders
- Intoxication
- Mental
While each Substance/Medication-Induced Neurocognitive Disorder has unique features, they all share the following common features:
- Clinically significant symptomatic presentation of a mental disorder
- Evidence that the disorder developed during or within _______ of substance intoxication or withdrawal, or of taking a medication (capable of producing the mental disorder)
- Disorder can’t be better explained by another mental disorder or ______________
- The disorder does not occur only during the course of _____________
- Symptoms cause significant distress/impaired functioning
- 1 month
- Medical condition
- Delirium
Alcohol is associated with all of the Substance-Induced Disorders except ___________________ and Related Disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive.
Alcohol-Induced Major Neurocognitive Disorder, amnestic-confabulatory type, is also known as _____________________, and is characterized by anterograde and retrograde amnesia and confabulation, and has been linked to ________________ deficiency.
- Korsakoff Syndrome
- Thiamine
_______________ is diagnosed in the presence of maladaptive behavioral and psychological changes, with at least 1 of the following symptoms:
- Slurred Speech
- Incoordination
- Unsteady gait
- Nystagmus
- Impaired attention or memory
- Stupor or coma
Alcohol Intoxication.
___________________________ is diagnosed in the presence of at least 2 of the following symptoms within several hours to a few days following cessation or reduction of alcohol consumption:
- Autonomic hyperactivity (e.g., sweating, tachycardia)
- Hand tremor
- Insomnia
- Nausea or vomiting
- Transient illusions or hallucinations
- Anxiety
- Psychomotor agitation
- Generalized tonic-clonic seizures
Alcohol Withdrawal.
__________________________ involves prominent disturbances in attention, awareness, and cognition following cessation or reduction of alcohol consumption that are sufficiently severe to warrant clinical attention. Common associated features include autonomic hyperactivity, vivid hallucinations, delusions, and agitation.
Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium.
________________________ is characterized by evidence of a significant decline in one or more cognitive domains that interferes with independence in everyday activities; specifiers are provided for nonamnestic-confabulatory type and amnestic-confabulatory type.
Alcohol-Induced Major Neurocognitive Disorder.
__________________________ is usually of the insomnia type and can be the result of either Intoxication or Withdrawal.
- When produced by Intoxication, it involves immediate sedation accompanied by increased Stages 3 and 4 sleep and reduced REM sleep followed by increased wakefulness, increase REM sleep (with vivid anxiety-arousing dreams), and reduced 3 and 4 sleep.
- When produced by Withdrawal, the disorder involves a severe disruption in sleep continuity with vivid dreams.
Alcohol-Induced Sleep Disorder.
_______________________ is characterized by maladaptive behavioral and psychological changes and the development of at least two of the following symptoms during or shortly after drug use:
- Tachycardia or bradycardia
- Pupillary dilation
- Elevated or lowered blood pressure
- Perspiration or chills
- Nausea or vomiting
- Weight loss
- Psychomotor agitation or retardation
- Muscular weakness, respiratory depression, or cardiac arrhythmias
- Confusion
- Seizures
- Coma
Stimulant Intoxication.
___________________________ is diagnosed in the presence of at least 2 of 5 physiological changes that occur within a few hours to several days after cessation of prolonged stimulant use:
- Fatigue
- Vivid, unpleasant dreams
- Insomnia or hypersomnia
- Increased appetite
- Psychomotor agitation or retardation
Stimulant Withdrawal.
______________________________ requires maladaptive behavioral and psychological changes with at least one of the following symptoms as the result of recent drug use:
- Slurred speech
- Incoordination
- Unsteady gait
- Nystagmus
- Impaired cognition
- Stupor or coma
Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Intoxication.
A diagnosis of ______________________________ requires the development of at least two of the following symptoms within several hours to a few days following cessation or reduction in drug use:
- Autonomic hyperactivity
- Hand tremor
- Insomnia
- Anxiety
- Nausea or vomiting
- Transient hallucinations or illusions
- Psychomotor agitation
- Anxiety
- Grand mal seizures
Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Withdrawal.
_________________________ involves clinically significant problematic behavioral or psychological changes, pupillary constriction, and the development of at least one of the following characteristic symptoms during or shortly after drug use:
- Drowsiness or coma
- Slurred speech
- Impaired attention or memory
Opioid Intoxication.
______________________ requires the presence of at least 3 of the following symptoms:
- Dysphoric mood
- Nausea or vomiting
- Muscle aches
- Lacrimation or rhinorrhea
- Pupillary dilation
- Piloerection or sweating
- Diarrhea
- Yawning
- Fever
- Insomnia
Opioid Withdrawal.
_____________________ is characterized by maladaptive behavioral and psychological changes following short-term, high dose exposure to the substance, with at least two of the following symptoms:
- Dizziness
- Nystagmus
- Incoordination
- Slurred speech
- Unsteady gait
- Lethargy
- Depressed reflexes
- Psychomotor retardation
- Tremor
- Generalized muscle weakness
- Blurred vision
- Stupor or coma
- Euphoria
Inhalant Intoxication.
_______________________ is characterized by the development of at least four characteristic symptoms within 24 hours of abrupt cessation or reduction in the use of tobacco - i.e., iritability or anger, anxiety, impaired concentration, increased appetite, restlessness, depressed mood, insomnia.
Tobacco Withdrawal.
