Anxiety Related Disorders Flashcards
When compared to depression, anxiety is associated with a higher level of positive affect and _________________. Additionally, apprehension, tension, trembling, excessive worry, and nightmares are considered “______” anxiety symptoms.
- Autonomic arousal
- Pure
Separation Anxiety Disorder involves developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety related to separation from home or attachment figures as manifested by one of 3 symptoms:
- Recurrent excessive distress when anticipating _____________
- Persistent, excessive fear of ____________
- Repeated complaints of ______________ when separation is anticipated or occurs
- Separation
- Being alone
- Physical symptoms
In Separation Anxiety Disorder, the disturbance must last at least _________ in children and adolescents and ____________ in adults, and cause significant distress or impaired functioning.
- 4 weeks
- 6 months
Separation Anxiety Disorder is often manifested as __________________.
School refusal.
With respect to school refusal, the following onset ages are associated with different factors:
- 5 to 7: Beginning school and ____________________
- 10 to 11: Change of schools and possible onset of _____________
- 14 to 16: Social Phobia, ___________, other disorders (poorer prognosis)
- Separation Anxiety Disorder
- Social Phobia
- Depression
Children with Separation Anxiety Disorder typically come from ________ families, and their symptoms are typically precipitated by a major ____________ such as the death of a pet, move to a new neighborhood, etc.
- Close, warm
- Life stress
____________________ and other behavioral interventions have been found to be effective for Separation Anxiety Disorder.
Systematic desensitization.
Specific Phobia is characterized by intense __________ of a specific object or situation, with the individual either __________ the object/situation or enduring it with marked distress. The fear is disproportionate, is persistent (typically lasting at least ____________), and causes significant distress/impairment.
- Fear
- Avoiding
- 6 months
Specifiers are provided for the following subtypes of Specific Phobia:
- Animal
- ____________ environment
- _________________
- Situational
- Other
- Natural
- Blood-injection-injury
Social Phobia and other anxiety disorders have been linked to biological factors (e.g., abnormal levels of ______________, norepinephrine, and __________), cognitive factors, and classical _____________.
- Serotonin
- Gaba
- Conditioning
Mower’s (1947) Two-Factor Theory attributes phobias to ____________ conditioning, which involves a combination of classical and operant conditioning.
Avoidance.
The treatment-of-choice for Specific Phobia is ____________________________, exposing the individual to the feared object or situation while preventing him or her from engaging in cognitive or behavioral avoidance.
Exposure with response prevention.
For Specific Phobia, Blood-Injury-Injection subtype, exposure is most effective when combined with applied _______________, involving repeatedly tensing/releasing the body’s large muscle groups and increasing blood flow, due to the _________________ response associated with this subtype.
- Tension
- Vasovagal
Cognitive self-control, found to be useful in addressing children’s ___________________, incorporates relaxation, visualization of a pleasant scene, positive self-statements, and parental reinforcement for appropriate behavior.
Fear of the dark.
The essential feature of Social Anxiety Disorder is an intense fear of or anxiety about one or more ______________________ in which the individual may be exposed to ______________ by others.
- Social situations
- Scrutiny
In Social Anxiety Disorder, fear, anxiety and avoidance are persistant (typically lasting at least __________) and cause clinically significant distress and impaired functioning.
6 months.
Social Anxiety Disorder has been linked to _________________, a temperament trait characterized by social avoidance and fear of unfamiliar people and situations.
Behavioral inhibition.
Information processing biases associated with Social Anxiety Disorder include:
- Selectively attending to socially ____________ information, and
- Overestimating the likelihood for ________________ in social situations.
- Threatening
- Negative outcomes
Treatments for Social Anxiety Disorder include:
- ______________________________
- SSRIs or __________
- The beta-blocker ______________, which reduces the physical symptoms of anxiety and has been found to be effective for treating performance anxiety.
- Exposure with response prevention
- SNRIs
- Propranolol
Panic Disorder is characterized by recurrent, unexpected _________________, with at least one attack being followed by at least _____________ of persistent concern about having additional attacks, their consequences, and/or a significant maladaptive change in behavior related to the attack.
- Panic attacks
- 1 month
As defined by the DSM-5, a ___________________ is “an abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes.”
Panic Attack.
Characteristic symptoms of Panic Attacks include:
- Palpitations or ___________________
- Sweating
- Trembling
- Feelings of ______________
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Paresthesias
- Derealization or _________________
- Fear of losing control
- Accelerated heart rate
- Choking
- Depersonalization
The 12-month prevalence for Panic Disorder is about ___ to ___% for adolescents and adults, with females being about _________ as likely as males to receive the diagnosis.
- 2 to 3%
- Twice
CBT interventions that incorporate ______________ are the treatment of choice for Panic Disorder.
Exposure.
