Feeding and Eating Disorders Flashcards
Feeding and Eating Disorders are characterized by “a persistent disturbance of eating or eating-related behavior that results in the altered ____________ or ______________ of food and that significantly impairs physical health or psychosocial functioning.”
- Consumption
- Absorption
_____________ involves persistent eating of non-nutritive, non-food substances for at least one month. The behavior must be inappropriate for the individual’s developmental level and not part of a culturally sanctioned practice.
Pica.
Anorexia Nervosa Essential Feature 1: A restriction of _____________ that leads to a significantly low body weight for the person’s age, gender, developmental _______________, and physical health.
- Energy intake
- Trajectory
Anorexia Nervosa Essential Feature 2: An intense fear of _____________ or becoming _______, or behavior that interferes with weight gain.
- Gaining weight
- Fat
Anorexia Nervosa Essential Feature 3: A disturbance in the way the person experiences his/her body __________ or __________, or a persistent lack of recognition of the seriousness of his/her low body weight.
- Weight
- Shape
Anorexia Nervosa Specifiers:
- Type (_______________ or ____________/__________)
- Course
- Severity (based on current _______)
- Restricting
- Binge-eating/purging
- BMI
Associated features of Anorexia Nervosa may include:
- Excessive exercise
- Self-induced _____________
- Use of laxatives or diuretics
- Preoccupation with food, as evidenced by:
- Collecting recipes
- Preparing elaborate meals for others
- __________ food
- Vomiting
- Hoarding
Studies suggest that over half of those diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa meet the diagnostic criteria for an ________________ at some time during their life, with onset usually preceding that of Anorexia Nervosa.
Anxiety Disorder.
Onset of Anorexia Nervosa is most common in ______________ or _________________, and is often associated with a ____________________.
- Adolescence
- Young adulthood
- Stressful life event
Over ___% of individuals with Anorexia Nervosa are female.
90%.
Studies on concordance rates support a __________ genetic contribution to Anorexia Nervosa.
Strong.
Anorexia Nervosa has been linked to neurotransmitter abnormalities, with one theory positing that a higher-than-normal level of ________________ causes restlessness, anxiety, and obsessive thinking, and that food restriction lowers the level of this neurotransmitter which, in turn, alleviates unpleasant feelings.
Serotonin.
Studies have found that females with Anorexia Nervosa tend to be ________________ who have unrealistic expectations of themselves and others.
Perfectionists.
Research on environmental contributions to Anorexia Nervosa have produced ________________ results; however, some studies have linked it to high levels of family conflict, parents who are overprotective/rigid/excessively concerned with thinness, mothers who are depressed or domineering, and fathers who are physically or emotionally absent.
Inconclusive.
The first priority in treating Anorexia Nervosa is always to get the individual to _________________.
Gain weight.
With respect to individual therapy, ______________ is generally considered the treatment of choice for Anorexia Nervosa.
CBT.
Garner & colleagues (1985; 1997) have a CBT approach that emphasizes ___ phases in treating Anorexia Nervosa.
4.
Garner CBT Phase 1: Focuses on establishing a _________________ and enhancing the Anorexia Nervosa client’s _____________.
- Positive therapeutic alliance
- Motivation
Garner CBT Phase 2: Normalizing the Anorexia Nervosa client’s ______________ and ______________ (e.g., by having the client self-monitor his/her daily caloric intake and eating behaviors and thoughts and feelings elicited by those behaviors and using techniques to modify the client’s eating pattern).
- Eating patterns
- Body weight
Garner CBT Phase 3: Identifying, _____________, and modifying the Anorexia Nervosa client’s beliefs about weight and food using _________________, decatastrophizing, and other cognitive techniques.
- Evaluating
- Socratic questioning
Garner CBT Phase 4: Preparing the Anorexia Nervosa client for _______________ and identifying ways for preventing ______________.
- Termination
- Relapse
While family-based treatments have been found to be efective for Anorexia Nervosa, when high levels of __________________ are noted among family members, separate (rather than conjoint) family therapy is indicated (to reduce risk of patient relapse).
Expressed emotion.
Bulimia Nervosa is characterized by:
- Recurrent episodes of binge eating accompanied by a sense of a __________________
- Inappropriate ________________ behavior to prevent weight gain
- Self-evaluation that is unduly influenced by _____________ and _______________
- Loss of control
- Compensatory
- Body shape
- Weight
For individuals with Bulimia Nervosa, binges are typically triggered by _____________________ or __________________, and continue until the person is uncomfortably full; the food type is typically high in calories.
- Interpersonal stress
- Dysphoric mood
___________________ often precedes a diagnosis of Bulimia Nervosa, while __________________ has been identified as the most common comorbid condition among women with this disorder.
- Anxiety Disorder
- Depression
Bulimia Nervosa usually begins in adolescence or early adulthood; the onset is often during or after a period of _____________.
Dieting.
Over ___% of individuals with Bulimia Nervosa are women.
90%.
Bulimia Nervosa has been linked to low levels of endogenous ____________________ and neurotransmitter abnormalities, especially low levels of _______________.
- Opioid beta-endorphin
- Serotonin
Treatments for Bulimia Nervosa typically incorporate ______________ and _________________ such as self-monitoring, stimulus control, cognitive restructuring, problem-solving, and self-distraction during periods of high-risk for binge-eating.
- Nutritional counseling
- Cognitive-behavioral techniques
______________ and ________________ have been found useful in reducing binge eating and purging and improving the dysphoria associated with Bulimia Nervosa.
- Imipramine
- Fluoxetine
A diagnosis of Binge-Eating Disorder requires recurrent episodes of binge eating that involves a sense of lack of control over eating, the presence of at least ___ characteristic symptoms (e.g., eating more rapidly than usual, eating until feeling uncomfortably full, eating alone due to embarassment about the amount of food consumed), and the presence of _______________ about binge-eating.
- 3
- Marked distress
