Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EPPP > Study Guide Material > Flashcards

Study Guide Material Flashcards

1
Q

MMPI Scales

A

Healthy Depressed Hot People Generally Push People Slowly, Highly, Softly:

  1. Hypochondriasis
  2. Depression
  3. Hysteria
  4. Psychopathic Deviate
  5. Gender
  6. Paranoia
  7. Psychasthenia
  8. Schizophrenia
  9. Hypomania
  10. Social Introversion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

MMPI L, F, K

A 
L = Lie (high fake good)
F = infrequent responding (high fake bad, cry for help)
K = corrective (coping resources - low/high defensive)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Biofeedback (EMG)

A

health of muscle and nerves matching them - good for muscle injury, pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Biofeedback (Galvanic Skin Response)

A

electrodermal activity
measures electrical conductivity of skin
good for anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Biofeedback (EEG)

A

modify brainwave activity

good for anxiety, stress, ADHD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Biofeedback (Respiration Feedback)

A

breathing activity

good for anxiety, asthma, hyperventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Biofeedback (Finger Pulse)

A

blood pressure and heart rate, good for anxiety, HTN, cardiac conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Biofeedback (Thermal Feedback)

A

measures skin temp

good for migraines, train to vasodilate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hypnosis

A
  1. Absorption (engrossed)
  2. Dissociation (altered consciousness)
  3. Suggestibility (decreased inhibition)
    Used for:
    Dissociative D/O,
    Conversion D/O,
    PTSD, Phobias, GAD;
    NOT used for:
    Psychotics,
    Paranoids,
    OCD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Alcohol

A

sedation/anesthesia

Withdrawal - agitation, nausea, seizures, hallucinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cocaine Withdrawal

A

low mood, fatigue/insomnia, increased appetite, vivid dreams, psychomotor changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Marijuana

A

no long term effects, physical dependence, or withdrawal symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Job Analysis

A
  1. Develop/validate selection instruments
  2. ID measures of job performance
  3. Assist in developing training programs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Work Samples

A

less adverse impact

motor more valid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Interviews

A 
less valid
unfavorable info carries more weight,
decisions made early in interviews,
judge on superficial traits,
past-oriented and structured with job analyses more effective
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Personnel Selection Types

A

Multiple Regression - compensatory (additive)
Multiple Cutoff - min on each measure (conjunctive)
Multiple Hurdle - pass before next level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Holland’s Personality Typologies

A

RIASEC

  1. Realistic - manipulation of machinery
  2. Investigative - analytical, curious
  3. Artistic - expressive, non-conforming
  4. Social - work w/ others
  5. Enterprising - manipulation to obtain goals/money
  6. Conventional - data, filing, etc.

satisfaction, longevity, and productivity increase with personality-environment fit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ROE’s Fields and Levels Theory

A

Experiences with parents leads to occupational choice and success;
3 parenting orientations (overprotective, avoidant, acceptant);
8 job fields; 6 job levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Super’s Life Career Development Theory

A

self-concept related to career choice, stage model, Rainbow - 9 roles adapted during stages

5 Stages:
Growth
Exploration
Establishment
Maintenance
Decline

Career Maturity - mastering stage tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tiedman and O’Hare’s Decision-Making Model

A

Based on Erikson’s Identity Stages

Differentiation and Integration - making distinctions about self and environment and unifying these aspects

realizing job doesn’t fit with personality

Personal Reality (right for self) vs. Common Reality (society/others think is right for you)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Theory Z

A

combo of Theory A (USA) and Theory J (Japan)

J with individual responsibility and moderately specialized career path

Japanese have longer employment duration, slow promotion, consensual decision-making, collective responsibility, holistic knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Leadership Styles (Lewin, Lipitt, White)

A

Autocratic - increased productivity, especially with routine work; high when leader is present, low when absent; Groups (aggressive, dependent, self-oriented)

Democratic - increased satisfaction and creativity ; good productivity not effected by presence of leader; most liked; groups (friendly, group centered task oriented)

Laissez-faire - low productivity, increases when absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Theory X

A

Old way, poor view of workers

X out personal concerns, cross/stern unfeeling taskmasters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Theory Y

A

workers are ambitious and require freedom and autonomy

encourage Y questions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Fiedler’s Contingency

High LPC

A

Relationship Oriented

moderately favorable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Fiedler’s Contingency

Low LPC

A

Task Oriented

low or highly favorable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Hersey and Blanchard Styles

A 
Responsibility
           Low               High
A        
B         Telling          Selling
I       
L
I     Participating  
T                       Delegating
Y

Telling - high task, low relationship
Selling - high task and relationship
Participating - low task and high relationship
Delegating - low task, and relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Organizational Change -

Empirical-Rational

A

people are rational; if given all info they will act in accordance with self-interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Organizational Change -

Normative-Re-educative

A

social norms underlie group behavior; change attitudes to bring acceptance of change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Organizational Change -

Power-Coercive

A

uses rewards and punishment to coerce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Driver’s Decision Making Styles

A

Satisficers/Maximizers - amount of info needed to make decision

Unifocus/Multifocus - focus/goal/outcome

  1. Decisive - S/U - inflexible, short-sighted
  2. Flexible - S/M - fast but willing to change, little structure
  3. Hierarchic - M/U - thorough, rigid, over-controlling
  4. Integrative - M/M - value creativity, best with groups
  5. Systemic - 3/4 combo

Decisive and Flexible - simple and quick response

Others - long-term and costly decisions

understand your style, work with people with different styles, match job to your style

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Maslow

A

Phyisological, safety, love/belong, esteem, self-actualization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Goal-Setting Theory

A

Max - specific, moderate difficulty, frequent feedback

Management by objective - employee and supervisor agree to specific, measurable goals

  • positive impact on performance
  • incentives do not help
  • group goals may be more valuable
  • no gender differences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

A

Satisfaction vs. Dissatisfaction

Hygiene - Dissatisfiers, job factors (pay, benefits, setting, relationships with coworkers) - absence = dissatisfied; presence not satisfied

Motivator - satisfiers, job enrichment (responsiveness, growth, decision making, more responsibility) [satisfaction and productivity] and job enlargement (more/different work w/out responsibility) [satisfaction only] - presence = satisfaction; absence not dissatisfied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Work Schedules

A

Compressed work week (no change in productivity; physical work suffers; lower absenteeism; increased job satisfaction; women like it less)

Flextime (higher satisfaction and attitude; lower absenteeism and tardiness; unclear effect on productivity)

Shift work (rotating worse than night, lower productivity, higher accidents, more health problems, young adapt better)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Hindbrain

A

Cerebellum - balance, coordination, posture (ataxia)

Brainstem
- pons (myelencephalon, raphe nuclei) - regulates state of arousal, triggers and maintains slow wave sleep

  • medulla oblongata (metencephalon) - breathing, heart rate, BP, digestion (damage fatal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Midbrain

A

Mesencephalon:
- substantia nigra - extrapyramidal motor system, modulates smoothness, initiation, and termination of movement

  • reticular formation -
    sleep, arousal, pain,
    touch, reflexes (reticular activating system - maintaining waking state and attention)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Forebrain

A

Diencephalon:

  • hypothalamus - homeostasis (5 F’s)
  • thalamus - central sensory relay (not smell)

Telencephalon:
- cerebral cortex - 4 lobes
- basal ganglia - voluntary movement
- limbic system -mediates emotional component of bx (amygdala - attaching emotional meaning, aggression, damages causes lack of response;
septum - inhibits emotion
hippocampus - memory consolidation, anterograde amnesia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Acetylcholine (Ach)

A

movement and memory

too much - paralysis
too little - memory (Alzheimer’s Disease and Huntington’s Disease)

mediates sexual bx and REM sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Catecholamines

A

Cats Not Dogs
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dopamine

personality, mood, drive states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Norepinephrine

A

mood, pain, sleep
Low = Depression
High = Schizophrenia, and Axiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Catecholamine Hypothesis

A 
Low = Depression
High = Mania
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Dopamine

A

Low = Parkinson’s Disease (substantia nigra in the basal ganglia) - L-Dopa treats movement symptoms

High = Schizophrenia, Mania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Serotonin

A

mood, aggression, sex, sleep onset, pain, schizophrenia

Low = Depression (permissive hypothesis - low levels permit mood dx, but norepinepherine determines mania or depression)

Anxiety, aggression, sleep, pain, obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

GABA

A

most common
inhibitory
low = Anxiety, epileptic seizures, Huntington’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory

Memory, long term potentiation, and brain damage from stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Pituitary Gland

A
  • master endocrine gland
  • affected by hypothalamus
  • growth and anti-diuretic hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

dwarfism and pubertal delay in kids, gonadal failure in adults;
hypothyroidism, diabetes, adrenocortical insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Hyperpituitarism

A

Acromegaly - after puberty

Gigantism - before puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

excessive thyroxin
weight loss, increased appetite, heat sensitivity, sweating, diarrhea, tremor and palpitations, fatigue, agitated depression, insomnia, impaired memory and judgment, hallucinations and delusions

Grave’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

weight gain, sluggishness, fatigue, impaired memory and intellectual functioning, sensitivity to cold, dry skin, puffiness, sparse hair, decreased cardiac output, personality changes, paranoid delusions, delirium, mania, hallucinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Pancreas

A
  • Insulin
  • absorbs glucose and amino acids
  • under-secretion of insulin results in diabetes
  • hypoglycemia - over secretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

low blood sugar

nervousness, irritability, trembling, cold sweats, fatigue, rapid heart rate, hunger, headache, confusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

high blood sugar
diabetes
increased thirst and urination, dehydration, fatigue and weakness, abdominal pain, nausea, loss of appetite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

near kidneys

coritco steroids (cortisol) - makes liver convert energy to glucose (fuel); elevated by stress; peaks mid-day

influences adrenocortitropic hormone from pituitary

Addison’s Disease - low - apathy, weakness, irritability, depression, gastrointestinal disturbance

Cushing’s Disease - high - agitated depression, irritability and emotional lability, memory and concentration, suicide, adiposity (swelling and fattening) of face, neck, and trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Frontal Lobe Injury

A

paralysis, sequencing, problem solving, mood lability, language expression (Broca’s), depressive and psychopathic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Parietal Lobe Injury

A

anomia, agraphia, alexia, apraxia, eye/hand coordination, left right confusion
(processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Occipital Lobe Injury

A

word blindness, illusions, movement and color agnosias, reading and writing problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Temporal Lobe Injury

A 
language comprehension (Wernicke's), prosopagnosia, IDing objects, STM loss, LTM problems, selective attention
temporal lobe epilepsy - intense emotions, religious interests, socially clingy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Brainstem Injury

A

sleep, balance, and breathing/respiratory problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Cerebellum Injury

A

fine movement coordination, slurred speech, inability to walk, rapid movement problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Right Lobe Damage

A

apathy, indifference, short-lived emotional responses,

quick and impulsive (left takes control)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Left Lobe Damage

A

worse than right, depression, anxiety

slow and cautious (right takes control)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Tonic Clonic Seizure

A 
Generalized
Tonic - stiff contraction
Clonic - shaking of limbs
grand mal
- dramatic, convulsions throughout body, loss of consciousness; headache, confusion, fatigue, amnesia for seizure after
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Absence Seizure

A 
Generalized
Thalamus
Petit mal
- more common in kids before age 5
- 1 - 30 secs
- brief changee in consciousness, blinking or rolling of eyes, blank stare, slight mouth movements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Simple Partial Seizures

A

focal area up to half the body
remains conscious
describes it in detail later

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Jacksonian Seizures

A

start localized motor with spread to adjacent brain areas

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Complex Partial Seizures

A

preceded by an aura, purposeless bx, lip smacking, unintelligible speech, impaired consciousness

69
Q

Sleep Stages

A

BAT DR
Beta - active awareness
Alpha - drowsy
(1) -brief transitional stage
Theta (2) - Spindles, K complexes - longest times in sleep
Delta (3-4) - deep sleep
REM - vivid dreams, no muscle tone, EEG aroused but responsivity is low (100 min 4-6x/night)

REM Deprivation - anxiety, irritability, lower cog functioning; REM rebound

Insomnia - low delta sleep
Nightmare - REM
Sleep Terror and Sleepwalking - Delta (3/4)

70
Q

Brain Imaging Techniques

A

Structural vs. Functional

71
Q

Structural Imaging

A

CT scans - xrays, tumors, clots, tissues damage, structural abnormalities
MRI - more percise

72
Q

Functional Imaging

A

PET - brain dysfunction due to stroke, epilepsy, tumor, dementia, distribution of nerotransmitters
SPECT
fMRI

73
Q

Threats to Internal Validity

A

History (random selection/assignment),
Maturation (matching, randomization),
Testing (control group),
Instrumentation (control group, alternative form reliability),
Statistical Regression (Omit extreme scores),
Selection (Random assignment/selection), Mortality (matching and omission),
Experimenter Bias (double blind)

Control:
Blocking, ANCOVA

74
Q

Threats to External Valitidy

A

Selection (Random selection),
History,
Testing (matching, naturalistic observation),
Demand characteristics (blind, control),
Hawthorne Effect (control),
Order Effects (couterbalance, treatment order, multiple groups)

75
Q

MultiTrait/MultiMethod Matrix

A

Reliability = High MM
Convergent Validity = High MH
Discriminant Validity = HH lower than HM

76
Q

Prototypical Leaders

A

best match the qualities of the group at any given time.

Most productive in cohesive groups; less productive but still productive in low cohesive groups

77
Q

Baumrind Parenting Styles

A

Responsivity (Warmth) and Demandingness (Control)

  1. Authoritarian - High Control; Low Warmth
    - irritable, aggressive, dependent, low sense of responsibility, low self-esteem, low academics
  2. Authoritative - Balance of both (high both)
    - assertive, self-confident, socially responsible, good grades
  3. Permissive - Low Control; High Warmth
    - impulsive, self-centered, easily frustrated, low achievement and low independence
  4. Rejecting-Neglecting - Low on both (hostile)
    - low self-esteem, impulsive, mood, aggressive; juvenile delinquents

lack of supervision and inconsistent (or harsh) punishment are highly correlated with delinquency and antisocial friends

78
Q

Kohlberg Gender Role Development

A

Gender Role IS Cool

Role (from birth)

Identity - 2-3 (male/female)

Stability - same over time

Consistency - 6-7 same b/w contexts

79
Q

Suicide Risk

A 
SOARS
1 Serious Previous Attempt
2 Older than 45
3 Alcohol
4 Rage History
5 Sex (male)
SAD PERSONS
1 Sex (male)
2 Age (young, elderly)
3 Depression
4 Previous attempts
5 Ethanol and other drugs
6 Reality testing/Rational though (loss)
7 Social support (lack)
8 Organized suicide plan
9 No spouse Sickness/
10 Stated future intent
80
Q

Precentrual Gyrus

A

Primary Motor Cortex

81
Q

Postcentral Gyrus

A

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

82
Q

Alzheimer’s Stage 1

A

1-3 years

Anterograde Amnesia, visuospatial skills (wandering), indifference, irritability, sadness

83
Q

Alzheimer’s Stage 2

A

2-10 years
retrograde amnesia, flat or labile moods, restlessness and agitation, delusions, ideomotor apraxia (can’t translate ideas into movement)

84
Q

Alzheimer’s Stage 3

A

8-12 years

severely deteriorated intellectual functioning, limb rigidity, incontinence

85
Q

Causes of Dementia

A 
Vitamin deficiency (B12, folate, thiamine)
Anoxia
Diabetes
Infection (HIV)
Hydrocephalus
Hypothyroid (endocrine issues)
86
Q

Aphasia

A

Language Production

Dysarthia - articulation problems due to lesion

87
Q

Apraxia

A

Motor Movement

Ideomotor - can’t carry out commands
Constructional - can’t draw simple figures or follow block patterns

88
Q

Agnosia

A

Sensory Processing (can’t recognize familiar objects)
Visual - sight recognition
Aperceptive - visual distortions prevent recognition
Associative - disconnect b/w visual and language areas
Prosopagnosia - faces

89
Q

Alexia

A

Reading from lesion (word blindness)

90
Q

Agraphia

A

Writing

91
Q

Anomia

A

Naming

92
Q

Agrammatism

A

Omission of Words

93
Q

Anarthria

A

Speech Production

94
Q

TCA’s

A

vegetative symptoms, panic, agoraphobia, OCD
2-6wks to work

Adverse Effects:
cardiovascular symptoms, seizures, nausea, anticholonergic effects; OD - cardiac arrhythmia, sudden death

95
Q

SSRI’s

A

Depression, OCD, Eating Disorders

Adverse Effects:
Gastrointestinal disturbances, insomnia, anxiety, headaches, dizziness, anorexia, tremor, frequent urination, sexual dysfunction

96
Q

MAOI’s

A

atypical depression
diet restrictions

Adverse Effects:
Anticholonergic effects, insomnia, agitation, confusion, skin rash, weight gain, edema, headache, dizziness, tremor, blood dyscrasia, hypertensive crisis

97
Q

Episodic Headaches

A

once in a while, 30 mins to an hour

98
Q

Chronic Headaches

A

most days out of the month and last days at a time

99
Q

Tension Headaches

A

dull ache all over head, not throbbing, tender or sensitive neck forehead, scalp, or shoulder muscles

100
Q

Cluster Headaches

A

severe burning and piercing pain around or behind one eye or on one side of face at a time;

swelling, redness, flushing, sweating, nasal congestion, and eye tearing on one side can occur;

15 mins - 3 hrs with 1-4 a day around the same times, can be daily for months at a time;

more common in spring and fall and in men

101
Q

Migraines

A

Classic (aura) and Common (no aura)

2-72 hrs. pulsating, half of head but can be bilateral

nausea, vomiting, light sound and smell sensitivity, physical activity makes worse

more boys than girls and women then men

102
Q

Hospitalization

A 
Males
25-44
M - 18-24
F - 45-64
never married
minority
103
Q

Traits of Leaders

A

moderated by characteristics of supervisees, task, and nature of work

intelligence, drive, creativity, stress-tolerance, confidence, integrity

104
Q

House’s Path-Goal Theory of Leadership

A

satisfaction and motivation maxed when believe leader is helping

  1. ID way to reach goals
  2. Remove obstacles
  3. Reward when met

4 Styles:

  1. Instrumental (Directive) - specific guidelines, clear rules and procedures
  2. Supportive - supportive relationships
  3. Participative - include worker in decision making
  4. Achievement-Oriented - set challenging goals and encourage higher levels of performance

Best style depends on situation

105
Q

Vroom and Yetton’s Normative Model of Leadership

A

5 styles based on decision making process;
Uses a decision making tree;

  1. AI (Autocratic) - no consultation, make own decisions
  2. AII (Autocratic) - inform others but make own decisions
  3. CI (Consultive) - discuss individually then decide
  4. CII (Consultive) - discuss with groups then decide
  5. GII (Group) discuss and decide with consensus
106
Q

Organizational Development Stages

A
  1. Entry - ID need
  2. Contracting - specify terms
  3. Diagnosis - assess problem, collect data
  4. Feedback - share data w/ org.
  5. Planning - develop action plan
  6. Intervention - enact plan
  7. Evaluation - assess progress
107
Q

Quality of Work Life Intervention (QWL)

A

org. effectiveness improves satisfaction and motivation

job restructure or redesign to make more challenging and provide greater participation in decision-making

Quality Circles - discuss improvement (no penalty for suggestions, support from management)

108
Q

Process Consultation

A

target communication, decision-making, and conflict resolution

109
Q

Gender and IO

A

less attractive women and more attractive men judged as more suitable

women - interpersonal and task accomplishment styles; participatory decision making; men use autocratic or directive decision making

rate female managers less favorably (esp. when using male styles) when they are majority, more favorable

110
Q

Alderfer’s ERG Theory

A

3 needs, no hierarchy
Existence
Relatedness
Growth

111
Q

McClelland’s Need for Achievement

A

Achievement is primary motivator

high - autonomy, mod difficult goals, seek recognition, put in effort, job longevity;
related to entrepreneurial success;
can build through training

Power - more effective managers, want control, status, recognition

Affiliation - interpersonal relationships, sensitive to criticism, avoid conflict

112
Q

Job Characteristics Model

A 
More meaningful when:
Skill Variety - more skills
Task Identity - whole tasks
Task Significance - important 
Autonomy - make decisions
Feedback - build-in

motivation and satisfaction improve, no effect on quality;
good with need for personal growth

113
Q

Expectancy Theory

A

VIE
Valence - rewards are desirable

Instrumentality - successful performance will result in reward

Expectancy - effort will lead to successful performance

114
Q

Engineering Psychology

A

change job to fit employee

115
Q

Sex Hormones

A

gonads - primary source
adrenal glands - small amounts

hypothalamus signals pituitary to release hormones which cause the gonads to produce androgens and estrogen

Estrogen - sexual development and reproduction

Progesterone - health reproductive system functioning and placenta

Menopause - drop in all 3; E - menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis; hormone replacement therapy increases risk of breast cancer

spinal cord injury - erection no ejaculation

116
Q

Endocrine System

A

Hormone secreting glands that act on organs and influence other secretions

Pituitary Gland
Adrenal Cortex
Gonads
Thyroid Gland
Pancreas
117
Q

Thyroid Gland

A
  • thyroxin
  • controls metabolism
  • cretinism or hypothyroidism
118
Q

Vision

A

Rods - motion, light and dark, sensitive to brightness; good in low light; dispersed and at periphery of retina

Cones - color, fine detail, daylight, center of retina

119
Q

Audition (Hearing)

A
  • audible frequency (20-20,000 cycles/sec)
  • amplitude = loudness (120 decibels = pain)
  • timbre = complexity of waves

auditory localization - present at birth, declines 1-4m, fully developed at 1yr

120
Q

Smell and Taste

A

smell goes through limbic system - primitive

feeding, sex, aggression in animals

taste most intense during infancy

121
Q

Psychophysics

A

Absolute Threshold - can be felt

Difference Threshold - just noticeable difference

based on equal psychological differences not physiological

122
Q

Brain Tumors

A

kids - brain stem or cerebellum
adults - cerebral cortex

1st signs - depression, anxiety, psych problems
Symptoms - dull headaches, seizures, nausea, vision/hearing changes, neurological issues

123
Q

Stroke

A

sudden severe blood flow to brain

hemiplegia, sensory loss, dementia, gate disturbance, incontinence

50% die soon after, 10% recover fully
most improvement 1st 6m

physical symptoms improve quicker than cognitive symptoms

124
Q

Head Trauma

A

open - no LOC, local and quick recovery

closed - widespread damage, LOC, amnesia, 6-9m recovery, personality and motor issues may persist, duration of anterograde amnesia is best predictor of recovery

125
Q

Antipsychotics

A

neuroleptics/traditional/typical:

  • positive symptoms
  • tardive dyskinesia

Atypical or Novel:
pos and neg symptoms
- Clozaril - no extrapyramidal or tardive dyskinesia, but agranulocytosis

side effects based on potency:
high - extrapyramidal (akathisa - most prevalent and causes discontinued use - internal agitation)
low - anticholinergic, sedation, hypotension (dizzy when standing), seizure

all - weight gain, increased appetite, decreased activity, sexual dysfunction,

126
Q

Sedatives, Hypnotics, Anxiolytics

A

Benzos: GAD, panic, insomnia, alcohol withdrawal, epilepsy

  • drowsy, sedate, weight gain, apathy, dry mouth, GI, paradoxical excitation, motor issues, sexual dysfunction, anterograde amnesia with IV use
  • addictive and fatal if mixed with alcohol or CNS depressants

Barbiturates: not used, addictive and abused, drug of choice for suicide, interrupts RAS impulses

Beta-Blockers: hypertension and migraines, performance anxiety
- bradycardia, hypotension, sexual dysfunction, fatigue, parasthesia, memory impairment

127
Q

Psychostimulants

A

mimic cats in the brain
ADHD and Narcolepsy
- decreased appetite, insomnia, stomach aches, dysphoria, OCD symptoms, growth suppression, exacerbate tics

128
Q

Narcotic-Analgesics

A 
natural opioids (opium, morphine, codeine)
derivatives (heroin, percodan, demeral, methadone)
- pupil constriction, lower visual acuity, perspiration, GI, respiratory depression
addictive
129
Q

Drug Admin Routes

A

1) Inhaling (smoking)—7-10 seconds: lungs→heart→brain
2) Intravenous injection (via needle into vein)—15-30 seconds: bloodstream→heart→lungs→heart→ rain
3) Intramuscular injection (via needle into muscle); subcutaneous injection (via needle under skin)—3-5 minutes: absorbed into bloodstream→heart→lungs→heart→ brain

mucosal absorption: a) insufflation, snorting into nose ; b) buccal, placing next to gums; or c) sublingual, placing under tongue—3-5 minutes: absorbed through mucous membranes into bloodstream→heart→lungs→heart→brain

4) Mucosal absorption, rectal or vaginal—10-15 minutes
5) Ingesting, oral administration—20-30 minutes: stomach→small intestine→liver→heart→lungs→heart→brain
6) Transdermal, skin patch—1-2 days…slow sustained delivery of drug, rather than fast delivery of large amount

130
Q

Medial Forebrain Bundle

A

Pleasure/Reward Pathway

Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway

motivation and reinforcement; links bx and experience with emotions - leads to learning and strong memories for bx (increased glutamate)

increase drug and decrease natural/instinctual drives

glutamate system impacts prefrontal cortex’s ability to accurately analyze risks and make decisions

131
Q

Endogenous

A

created inside the body

132
Q

Exogenous

A

taken in from outside the body

133
Q

Occipital Scotoma

A

holes in the visual field due to lesions in Occipital Lobe

134
Q

Superior Colliculus Vision

A

Blind Sight - vision reflex that allows people to process visual information and respond to it without being able to “see”

135
Q

Visual Ventral Pathway

A

lower pathway goes to Temporal Lobe - what system

form and color processing

136
Q

Visual Dorsal Pathway

A

upper pathway goes to Parietal Lobe - where/how system

object location and motion processing

137
Q

Color wave lengths

A

BiG Red

Blue - Green - Red

138
Q

Achromatopsia

A

color blindness, hypersensitivity to light, poor visual acuity

139
Q

Monocular Depth

A

seeing depth based on cues - pictorial, aerial perspective, texture gradients, interposition, shading, size, blur

140
Q

Binocular Vision

A

uses both eyes and how the image hits your eyes

Accommodation - adjust shape of lens (wide vs. tight)

Convergence - angle of your eyes

141
Q

Geons

A

elements that make of standard geometric shapes that are added together to perceive complex figures

142
Q

Visual Apperceptive Agnosia

A

cannot perceive the object correct and therefore recognition is impacted

can’t name by sight but can by touch

143
Q

Visual Associative Agnosia

A

perception is intact, but recognition is damaged

recognizes familiar object but unable to name it

144
Q

Endogenous Spatial Attention

A

voluntarily directing visual attention to a spatial location

top-down/active attention

145
Q

Exogenous Spatial Attention

A

involuntarily directing visual attention to a spatial location
(bottom-up/passive attention)

146
Q

Cross-Modal Attention

A

stimulation in one sense modality serves to direct attention in another modality

hear a noise - look in that directions

147
Q

Change Blindness

A

failure to detect that an object has moved, changed, or disappeared

148
Q

Inattention Blindness

A

failure to notice an unexpected object in a visual display

149
Q

Hemi-Spatial Neglect

A

failure to attend to one half of an object or visual space (left neglected)

right parietal lesions only; left lesions do not cause right neglect

150
Q

Simultanagnosia

A

inability to attend to more than one object at a time

bilateral parietal-occipital damage

151
Q

Optic Ataxia

A

normal visual perception and arm/hand movements

but impaired at visually- guided reaching to touch or grab

152
Q

Rehearsal

A

Maintenance - simple repetition

Elaborative - semantic processing, linking material to other material in memory (deeper analysis are better than shallow analyses) - better than mnemonics

153
Q

Encoding Specificity Principle

A

retrieval is best when there is a match b/w presentation of info at encoding and retrieval

basis for mood/state/context dependent memory

154
Q

Forgetting

A

autobiographical memories - slower decay

older will decay more slowly than newer ones of similar strength

slower decay for implicit than explicit memory

155
Q

Nonassociative Learning

A

Part of Implicit Memory

Desensitization and Habituation

156
Q

Preserved Cognition in Amnestic Disorders

A
  1. Basic Attention (digit span)
  2. Intelligence/Cognitive Ability
  3. Implicit Memory
157
Q

Associative Learning

A

part of Implicit Memory

classical and operant conditioning

amygdala and cerebellum

158
Q

Perceptual/Repetition Priming

A

seen or heard the stimulus before

159
Q

Conceptual/Semantic Priming

A

semantically similar priming

Fork — Spoon

160
Q

Measures of Implicit Memory

A

demonstration of procedural tasks

priming tasks - related to conditioning and discriminative variables

161
Q

Perceptual-Functional Theory of Memory

A

Living things categorized by perception (temporal lobe)

Non-living things categorized by function (frontal-parietal regions)

more perceptual then functional descriptors

brain damage leads to more difficulty with living objects

162
Q

Coherence and Correspondence with autobiographical memory

A

coherence - consistent with current goals and beliefs

correspondence - accuracy of memory

coherence wins out over time

163
Q

Levels of Language Processes

A

Phonological - sounds
Morphological - word forms
Syntactic - grammatical structure
Semantic - meaning

Perception, comprehension, production

164
Q

Problems faced by Listeners

A

Rate - 10 phonemes/sec average (50-60 upper range)

segmentation - trouble separating out or distinguishing words from the pattern of speech sounds

Co-articulation - separating overlapping adjacent articulations

degraded speech - environmental noise

165
Q

Language Comprehension

A

Parsing - analysis of syntactical/grammatical structure

semantics - literal meaning

pragmatics - intended meaning

166
Q

Anomia

A

word-finding problems

167
Q

Agrammatism

A

speech production lacks grammatical structure and many function words and word endings are omitted

168
Q

Jargon Aphasia

A

speech is reasonably correct grammatically but with great problems finding the right words to say, with many neologisms produced

EPPP (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions