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EPPP > Social/Multicultural > Flashcards

Social/Multicultural Flashcards

1
Q

Kelley Attributions

Consistency, Distinctiveness, Consensus

A

Consistency - same over time

Distinctiveness - situation specific

Consensus - others do it too

HLL = Internal Attribution

HHH = External Attribution
LLH = External Attribution
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2
Q

Weiner Attribution

A

Stability - how stable an internal or external attribution

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3
Q

Attribution Theory

A

Internal vs. External

Stable vs. Unstable

Specific vs. Global

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4
Q

Fundamental Attribution Bias

A

Only a/b Others

attribute bx to internal/dispositional causes and underestimate situational variables

victim blaming

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5
Q

Actor-Observer Bias

A

Me - situational

Other - dispositional

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6
Q

Self-Serving (Hedonic) Bias

A

success - internal/personal factors

failure - external/situational factors

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7
Q

Availability Heuristic

A

estimate likelihood of a situation based on how easily thy can recall it

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8
Q

Representative Heuristic

A

judge others or events based on what they believe is typical of a category

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9
Q

Simulation Heuristic

A

mental images of situations are used to make judgments about facts in their lives

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10
Q

Kelley’s Personal Construct Theory

A

we perceive the world according to what we expect/anticipate to see.

expectations based on past experiences

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11
Q

Balance Theory

A

change attitudes when two people have attitudes toward same thing

move toward balance
all positive or 1P and 2N

unbalance - all N or 1N and 2P

3 elements are attitude toward other person and each persons attitude toward the thing

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12
Q

Symmetry Theory

A

extends balance theory by adding intensity of relationship

stronger bonds result in more intense imbalance and greater motivation to change attitudes

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13
Q

Congruity Theory

A

extends balance theory by predicting which attitudes with change

favor object with greatest affinity

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14
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

change attitudes to match actions

most applicable when discrepancy b/w current and past bx

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15
Q

Postdecisional Dissonance

A

2 good choices, upset at not choosing 1, emphasizes positives of chosen option

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16
Q

Effort Justification

A

upset at time/effort spent on a goal that fails, so emphasize positives of the goal

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17
Q

Insufficient Justification

A

do an undesirable bx for small reward, emphasize positive of bx

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18
Q

Insufficient Deterrence

A

does not do something desirable b/c of small deterrent, emphasize negative of action

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19
Q

Bem’s Self-Perception Theory

A

bx informs attitudes and emotions

I did it, so I believe it

most applicable when current and past bx matches

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20
Q

Overjustification Hypothesis

A

lose interest if over-rewarded

lose intrinsic when provided extrinsic reward

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21
Q

Self-Verification Theory

A

ppl are motivated to confirm self-concept

depressed discount positive and seek negative confirmation

22
Q

Behavioral Confirmation

A

ppl motivated to confirm expectations that others have of them

poor research

ppl resist negative expectations

23
Q

Self-Enhancement Theory

A

ppl motivated to think favorable of selves and behave in ways that cause others to see them favorably

24
Q

Persuasion

A

Source
Message
Audience

25
Q

Characteristics of the Source

A

Unimportant matters:
- likable, similar, attractive
Important matters:
- credibility (trustworthy and expert)

men vs. women
W-M tentative speech
W-W powerful speech
W - assertive speech with friendly and cooperative non-verbals

26
Q

Sleeper Effect

A

forget source but remember message

27
Q

Characteristics of the Message

A

Fear - lots of fear, believable, and how to avoid

primacy and recency effect

28
Q

Primacy Effect

A

Long gap - speak first

29
Q

Recency Effect

A

Short gap - speak last

30
Q

Characteristics of Audience

A

easy targets:

  • mod self-esteem
  • mod discrepancy in attitude
  • high vulnerability
  • high involvement w/ idea/product

present both sides when initially opposed, well informed, and intelligent

present one side when in favor, poorly informed, and unintelligent

31
Q

Reactance Theory

A

won’t comply when freedom is threatened

coercion or hard sell

32
Q

Peripheral Route

A

focus on aspects not central to the message

focus on characteristics of source and not on message itself

relies on heuristics

33
Q

Central Route

A

think about relevant info, elaborate on argument

change is more enduring, more resistant, and predicts bx

34
Q

Inoculation

A

provided with mild argument against and practice refuting it

35
Q

Approach-Avoidance Conflict

A

approach greatest initially and avoidance stronger as goal approaches

36
Q

James-Lange Theory

A

emotion stems from perception of bodily reactions

heart pounding, running = fear

not supported

37
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory

A

emotion and bodily reactions occur at the same time;

bodily reactions not necessary to experience emotions

38
Q

Schacter’s Two-Factor Theory

A

emotion stems from physical arousal and cognitive labeling based on environmental cues

39
Q

Normative Social Influence

A

pressure to conform based on need for approval and acceptance

40
Q

Informational Social Influence

A

pressure to conform based on the assumption that the other person has more information than you

41
Q

Reference Groups

A

conform to be like ppl we admire, like, and want to resemble, or b/c they told us to

42
Q

Berry’s Theory of Acculturation

A

Contact and Maintenance

4 Strategies:
AS I aM
1. Assimilation - C no M
2. Separation - M no C
3. Integration - C and M
4. Marginalization - None
43
Q

Troiden’s Gay and Lesbian Identity Development Model

A

Sensitive Confused Ass is Committed:

  1. Sensitization - before puberty, feel different regarding gender, neg self-concept
  2. Identity Confusion - 17/18, homosexual feelings and impulses, feeling excluded from world; significant conflict; denial, avoidance, repair
  3. Identity Assumption - 19-22; manage social stigma, increased contact with others; capitulation (agree with neg view but identify still), minstralization (stereotypical bxs), passing (hide identity to most), group alignment (immersion into community but neg views)
  4. Commitment - 22/23; integrate identity, more open, commitments, happier
44
Q

Minority Identity Development Model

A

don’t CONFORM to DIS, RESIST IMMediately this INTROduction to SYN

  1. Conformity - dominant best
  2. Dissonance - begin to appreciate minority culture and question dominant
  3. Resistance/Immersion - mine good all others bad
  4. Introspection - good and bad in all, more focus on oppression of other groups
  5. Synergetic Articulation and Awareness / Integrative Awareness - appreciate and critical of all (bicultural identity)
45
Q

Jackson’s Black Identity Development Model

A

Jack Black PASSIVEly ACCEPTed the ACTIVE RESISTANCE REDIRECTed INTERNALly

racism and oppression

  1. Passive-Acceptance
  2. Active-Resistance
  3. Redirection
  4. Internalization
46
Q

Cross’s Black Racial (Nigrescence) Identity Model

A

PRE-ENCOUNTERed black cross’s EMERSed IN COMedy

  1. Preencounter
  2. Encounter
  3. Immersion/Emersion
  4. Internalization
  5. Internalization-Commitment
47
Q

Helms’s White Racial Identity Development

A

Coke Drug Rehab - Pee In A cup

  1. Contact - ignorance, no awareness of racism or privilege
  2. Disintegration - uncomfortable with white advantages; deny racism and avoid minorities
  3. Reintegration - whites are superior
  4. Pseudo-Independence - ? inferiority, disavow whites, associate with minorities, alienation from all
  5. Immersion/Emersion - self-examination and info seeking; tries to change whites’ views
  6. Autonomy - positive redefinition of identity, more open
48
Q

Hispanic Americans

A

Collateral; High Context; somatic complaints; Interventions - active, concrete, problem-solving; family and informality important

49
Q

African Americans

A

sex role flexibility; less outpatient more inpatient; egalitarian approaches; prefer same race in all but first stage; multisystems approach

50
Q

Asian Americans

A

collateral or lineal; hierarchical and patriarchal; high context; somatic, work or academic complaints; structured active and directive approach

51
Q

Native Americans

A

high poverty; high suicide rate, alcohol problems, PTSD; alternative medicine; family therapy incorporating traditional healing practices

EPPP (17 decks)

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