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EPPP > Social/Multicultural > Flashcards

Social/Multicultural Flashcards

1
Q

Kelley Attributions

Consistency, Distinctiveness, Consensus

A

Consistency - same over time

Distinctiveness - situation specific

Consensus - others do it too

HLL = Internal Attribution

HHH = External Attribution
LLH = External Attribution
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2
Q

Weiner Attribution

A

Stability - how stable an internal or external attribution

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3
Q

Attribution Theory

A

Internal vs. External

Stable vs. Unstable

Specific vs. Global

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4
Q

Fundamental Attribution Bias

A

Only a/b Others

attribute bx to internal/dispositional causes and underestimate situational variables

victim blaming

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5
Q

Actor-Observer Bias

A

Me - situational

Other - dispositional

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6
Q

Self-Serving (Hedonic) Bias

A

success - internal/personal factors

failure - external/situational factors

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7
Q

Availability Heuristic

A

estimate likelihood of a situation based on how easily thy can recall it

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8
Q

Representative Heuristic

A

judge others or events based on what they believe is typical of a category

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9
Q

Simulation Heuristic

A

mental images of situations are used to make judgments about facts in their lives

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10
Q

Kelley’s Personal Construct Theory

A

we perceive the world according to what we expect/anticipate to see.

expectations based on past experiences

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11
Q

Balance Theory

A

change attitudes when two people have attitudes toward same thing

move toward balance
all positive or 1P and 2N

unbalance - all N or 1N and 2P

3 elements are attitude toward other person and each persons attitude toward the thing

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12
Q

Symmetry Theory

A

extends balance theory by adding intensity of relationship

stronger bonds result in more intense imbalance and greater motivation to change attitudes

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13
Q

Congruity Theory

A

extends balance theory by predicting which attitudes with change

favor object with greatest affinity

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14
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

change attitudes to match actions

most applicable when discrepancy b/w current and past bx

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15
Q

Postdecisional Dissonance

A

2 good choices, upset at not choosing 1, emphasizes positives of chosen option

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16
Q

Effort Justification

A

upset at time/effort spent on a goal that fails, so emphasize positives of the goal

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17
Q

Insufficient Justification

A

do an undesirable bx for small reward, emphasize positive of bx

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18
Q

Insufficient Deterrence

A

does not do something desirable b/c of small deterrent, emphasize negative of action

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19
Q

Bem’s Self-Perception Theory

A

bx informs attitudes and emotions

I did it, so I believe it

most applicable when current and past bx matches

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20
Q

Overjustification Hypothesis

A

lose interest if over-rewarded

lose intrinsic when provided extrinsic reward

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21
Q

Self-Verification Theory

A

ppl are motivated to confirm self-concept

depressed discount positive and seek negative confirmation

22
Q

Behavioral Confirmation

A

ppl motivated to confirm expectations that others have of them

poor research

ppl resist negative expectations

23
Q

Self-Enhancement Theory

A

ppl motivated to think favorable of selves and behave in ways that cause others to see them favorably

24
Q

Persuasion

A

Source
Message
Audience

25
Characteristics of the Source
Unimportant matters: - likable, similar, attractive Important matters: - credibility (trustworthy and expert) men vs. women W-M tentative speech W-W powerful speech W - assertive speech with friendly and cooperative non-verbals
26
Sleeper Effect
forget source but remember message
27
Characteristics of the Message
Fear - lots of fear, believable, and how to avoid primacy and recency effect
28
Primacy Effect
Long gap - speak first
29
Recency Effect
Short gap - speak last
30
Characteristics of Audience
easy targets: - mod self-esteem - mod discrepancy in attitude - high vulnerability - high involvement w/ idea/product present both sides when initially opposed, well informed, and intelligent present one side when in favor, poorly informed, and unintelligent
31
Reactance Theory
won't comply when freedom is threatened coercion or hard sell
32
Peripheral Route
focus on aspects not central to the message focus on characteristics of source and not on message itself relies on heuristics
33
Central Route
think about relevant info, elaborate on argument change is more enduring, more resistant, and predicts bx
34
Inoculation
provided with mild argument against and practice refuting it
35
Approach-Avoidance Conflict
approach greatest initially and avoidance stronger as goal approaches
36
James-Lange Theory
emotion stems from perception of bodily reactions heart pounding, running = fear not supported
37
Cannon-Bard Theory
emotion and bodily reactions occur at the same time; bodily reactions not necessary to experience emotions
38
Schacter's Two-Factor Theory
emotion stems from physical arousal and cognitive labeling based on environmental cues
39
Normative Social Influence
pressure to conform based on need for approval and acceptance
40
Informational Social Influence
pressure to conform based on the assumption that the other person has more information than you
41
Reference Groups
conform to be like ppl we admire, like, and want to resemble, or b/c they told us to
42
Berry's Theory of Acculturation
Contact and Maintenance ``` 4 Strategies: AS I aM 1. Assimilation - C no M 2. Separation - M no C 3. Integration - C and M 4. Marginalization - None ```
43
Troiden's Gay and Lesbian Identity Development Model
Sensitive Confused Ass is Committed: 1. Sensitization - before puberty, feel different regarding gender, neg self-concept 2. Identity Confusion - 17/18, homosexual feelings and impulses, feeling excluded from world; significant conflict; denial, avoidance, repair 3. Identity Assumption - 19-22; manage social stigma, increased contact with others; capitulation (agree with neg view but identify still), minstralization (stereotypical bxs), passing (hide identity to most), group alignment (immersion into community but neg views) 4. Commitment - 22/23; integrate identity, more open, commitments, happier
44
Minority Identity Development Model
don't CONFORM to DIS, RESIST IMMediately this INTROduction to SYN 1. Conformity - dominant best 2. Dissonance - begin to appreciate minority culture and question dominant 3. Resistance/Immersion - mine good all others bad 4. Introspection - good and bad in all, more focus on oppression of other groups 5. Synergetic Articulation and Awareness / Integrative Awareness - appreciate and critical of all (bicultural identity)
45
Jackson's Black Identity Development Model
Jack Black PASSIVEly ACCEPTed the ACTIVE RESISTANCE REDIRECTed INTERNALly racism and oppression 1. Passive-Acceptance 2. Active-Resistance 3. Redirection 4. Internalization
46
Cross's Black Racial (Nigrescence) Identity Model
PRE-ENCOUNTERed black cross's EMERSed IN COMedy 1. Preencounter 2. Encounter 3. Immersion/Emersion 4. Internalization 5. Internalization-Commitment
47
Helms's White Racial Identity Development
Coke Drug Rehab - Pee In A cup 1. Contact - ignorance, no awareness of racism or privilege 2. Disintegration - uncomfortable with white advantages; deny racism and avoid minorities 3. Reintegration - whites are superior 4. Pseudo-Independence - ? inferiority, disavow whites, associate with minorities, alienation from all 5. Immersion/Emersion - self-examination and info seeking; tries to change whites' views 6. Autonomy - positive redefinition of identity, more open
48
Hispanic Americans
Collateral; High Context; somatic complaints; Interventions - active, concrete, problem-solving; family and informality important
49
African Americans
sex role flexibility; less outpatient more inpatient; egalitarian approaches; prefer same race in all but first stage; multisystems approach
50
Asian Americans
collateral or lineal; hierarchical and patriarchal; high context; somatic, work or academic complaints; structured active and directive approach
51
Native Americans
high poverty; high suicide rate, alcohol problems, PTSD; alternative medicine; family therapy incorporating traditional healing practices

EPPP (17 decks)

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