Practice Questions Flashcards
1
Q
General symptoms that may accompany the third stage of Alzheimer's Dementia include what?
A
Apathy and
emotional
blunting
2
Q
This technique usually involves recording specific behaviors that allow one to understand the subject's problem-solving methodology.
A
Protocol analysis
(collecting
verbatim reports)
3
Q
This therapeutic approach involves changing or adapting to the environment by altering one's own behaviors or responses
A
Autoplastic
4
Q
A person who is unable to identify objects from atypical views, in low-light conditions, when there are many shadows, or when objects overlap has what condition?
A
Apperceptive
visual
agnosia
5
Q
What best describes a DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criterion for delirium?
A
Clouding of
consciousness
6
Q
This research design consists of a series of phases in which a different behavioral criterion is set for each phase; if the behavior reaches the criterion level for each phase, the treatment is considered to be effective.
A
Changing
criterion
7
Q
Complex Partial Seizure Disorder, formerly known as Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, is known to originate in the temporal lobe. However, absence seizures, formerly known as petit mal seizures, are believed to originate where?
A
Thalamus
8
Q
Research on psychotherapy outcome indicates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_% of therapy clients show marked improvement in symptoms after the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ session.
A
75;
26th
9
Q
The upper and lower limits of the standard error of measurement for a test with a mean of 80 and standard deviation of 10 are what?
A
0 to 10
10
Q
What are the 6 phases Baumgartner developed regarding the incorporation of an HIV/AIDS diagnosis?
A
1. Diagnosis; 2. Post-diagnosis turning point; 3. Immersion; 4. Post-immersion turning point; 5. Integration; 6. Disclosure
11
Q
What theorists assert that individuals in positions of lower power and status are better at reading/perceiving members of higher status groups than are those from higher status groups at reading people from lower status groups?
A
Social-Role
theorists
12
Q
An individual taking clozapine begins exhibiting symptoms of muscle rigidity, tachycardia, hyperthermia, altered consciousness, and autonomic dysfunction. In this case, what would be the best course of action?
A
Stop the drug immediately and administer electrolytes and fluids
13
Q
Flashbulb memories are vivid memories of emotionally-arousing events. Flashbulb memories are considered part of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ memory.
A
Episodic
14
Q
Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) indicated the highest prevalence of alcohol abuse was among what ethnic group?
A
Whites
15
Q
An intervention targeting Bronfenbrenner's \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ will focus on family members and/or classmates.
A
Microsystem
16
Q
Most studies on child sexual abuse have not found this to be associated with more severe outcomes.
A
Male gender, while worse outcomes are associated with abuse by a family member, onset of abuse at an earlier age, and abuse by a much older perpetrator
17
Q
________ interdependence occurs when a
network of two-way relationships tie a collection
of people together; ________ interdependence
occurs when individuals have a shared source of
resources but little else in common; ________
involves a series or chain of one-way interactions
in which individuals rely on those who precede
them in the chain; ________ is the most complex
form as everyone involved is reciprocally
interdependent on one another.
A
Reciprocal;
pooled;
sequential;
comprehensive
18
Q
What are the primary associated features of the Somatoform Disorders?
A
Anxiety
and
depression
19
Q
Individual's with Tourette's Disorder frequently suffer from a learning disorder in school, most likely caused by what?
A
Attentional and
hyperactivity
problems
20
Q
A significant finding for a one-way ANOVA indicates that the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ means were different.
A
Population
(statistical tests
make inferences
about a population)
21
Q
What is problem
adolescent drug
use most
associated with?
A
Alienation,
impulsivity, and
subjective
distress
22
Q
TRUE or FALSE: Older adults respond similarly to therapy as younger adults, although older adults tend to respond quicker.
A
FALSE: Older adults do respond similarly, though slower, than younger adults
23
Q
According to Social Judgment Theory, persuasion is made more difficult when the new information is a/an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ issue.
A
Ego-involved
24
Q
A therapist who typically conceptualizes cases
from a psychodynamic theoretical framework and
uses related techniques decides to use an empty
chair technique in a therapy session is using
a/an ________ approach; ________ is the term
used to describe the approach where a therapist
chooses interventions based on what works
without considering a theoretical basis for using
the technique.
A
Assimilative
integration;
technical
eclecticism
25
```
What is the best
systematic method for
tracking the
progression of
Alzheimer's Disease?
```
```
Regularly
administered
measures of
cognitive
functioning
```
26
Which of the Big
Five personality
traits is least
stable over time?
Neuroticism
(extraversion
appears to be
most stable)
27
```
________ demonstrated
that emotion is not a
function of any specific
brain center but of a
circuit that involves four
basic structures.
```
James
| Papez
28
Increasing
internal validity
is best achieved
by what?
Random
assignment,
known as the
"great equalizer"
29
```
Medications used
to treat symptoms
of Parkinson's
Disease block the
effects of what?
```
Acetylcholine
30
```
________ is used to
evaluate predictive
relationships between
measured variables
and latent factors.
```
Structural
equation
modeling
31
According to Bass, transformational leadership
contains four interrelated components: ________
is characterized by high moral and ethical
standards, ________ provides followers with
meaning and challenges for engaging in
undertakings and shared goals, ________ helps
followers to question assumptions and to
generate more creative solutions to problems,
and ________ treats each follower as an
individual and provides coaching, mentoring and
growth opportunities.
```
Idealized influence;
inspirational
motivation; intellectual
stimulation; individual
consideration
```
32
```
An organization decides to
implement changes based
on a job characteristics
assessment. What is least
likely to be affected?
```
```
Work quality (research
indicates there would be
improvements in
satisfaction,
absenteeism, turnover,
and motivation)
```
33
```
Jane is reluctant to give poor
ratings to her subordinates for
fear of ruffling feathers.
Consequently, she tends to be
unusually easy in her ratings.
Jane is committing what type of
error?
```
Central
tendency
bias
34
```
Psychoanalytic theory
and ethology (the study
of animals in their
natural habitat) both
emphasize what?
```
Critical
| periods
35
```
A researcher employs
multiple methods of
measurement in an attempt to
increase reliability by
reducing systematic error, a
strategy referred to as what?
```
Triangulation
36
```
An adult woman comes to an
outpatient clinic. She is foreign-born
and has almost no skills in English.
She appears depressed. If one
were to attempt a standardized
assessment of her level of cognitive
functioning, the best test would be
what?
```
```
Ravens Progressive
Matrices, which is
completely
non-dependent on
language
```
37
```
A student seeks counseling at the
university counseling center due to
feelings of failure as a student.
When asked about his grades, he
states that his grade point average
is 3.9 but thinks that he should be
doing better. He is most likely using
what cognitive distortion?
```
```
Arbitrary inference, which
occurs when one draws a
specific conclusion without
supporting evidence, or
even in the face of
contradictory evidence
```
38
```
Organizational
psychologists would most
likely use what when
talking to business leaders
about implementing the
use of psychological tests
in selecting employees?
```
```
Utility analysis (to compare how
much money the company
currently makes without using
the psychological tests and
how much money the company
would be expected to make if a
testing program were
implemented)
```
39
```
What part of the
brain is
compromised in
Parkinson's
Disease?
```
```
Substantia nigra,
which is a group of
neurons that is part of
the extrapyramidal
motor system
```
40
```
The Theory of Work
Adjustment (TWA) is a
person-environment fit theory
of career development that
indicates employment tenure
is tied to ________ and
________.
```
Satisfaction;
| satisfactoriness
41
A spinal cord
injury is most
often diagnosed
using what?
MRI or CT
| and X-ray
42
```
When an individual
imagines movement or
engaging in a motor
activity, which part of
the brain is most likely
to be active?
```
Parietal
| lobe
43
```
________ inhibition occurs
when new learning interferes
with previous learning, while
________ inhibition occurs
when previous learning
interferes with new learning.
```
Retroactive;
| proactive
44
```
If an individual
consistently neglects the
left side of his body he
likely has damage to the
________ lobe of his
________ hemisphere.
```
Parietal;
| right
45
```
This occurs when members of
one group obtain lower scores
on a selection test than
members of another group, but
the difference in scores is not
reflected in their scores on
measures of job performance,
leading to test unfairness.
```
Differential
| prediction
46
```
A company wants its clerical
employees to be very efficient,
accurate and fast. Examinees are
given a perceptual speed test on
which they indicate whether two
names are exactly identical or
slightly different. The reliability of
the test would be best assessed by
what?
```
Test-retest or
| alternate-forms
47
```
Who is associated
with the shift in
perspective from
"time from birth" to
"time to death?"
```
```
Neugarten, who
found midlife to be
characterized by
this shift in
perspective
```
48
```
A ________ tries to overcome halo,
leniency, and similar rater biases by
arranging, in a non-hierarchal manner,
items that describe performance as either
good, average, or poor and then the rater
rates whether the individual performs
better, equal to, or worse than the
behavior described in the item.
```
Mixed
standard
scale
49
As a management consultant for a corporation, a
psychologist devises a way for employees
working in groups to complete their work. The
psychologist divides the employees into two
teams. Each team has to complete a set of
tasks, and all group members are free to work on
any or all of the tasks. If all tasks are completed,
each team member receives a bonus. If even
one of the tasks is not completed, nobody
receives a bonus. This is an example of what
type of task?
Additive
50
```
The best technique for
evaluating an intervention
intended to increase the
time a student with ADHD
stays academically on-task
would be what?
```
Interval
| recording
51
```
What is designed most
explicitly to assist an
investigator in deciding
how much confidence to
put in a particular finding
based on data?
```
Inferential
| statistics
52
```
The ability of a test item to
discriminate between
members of different
ability groups is best
indicated by the ________
of its item characteristic
curve.
```
Slope
53
What 3 factors
are involved in
hypnosis?
1. Dissociation;
2. Absorption;
3. Suggestibility
54
```
If data points are
widely scattered
around a regression
line, it would indicate
what?
```
A low
correlation
coefficient
55
```
Exposure to a
previously conditioned
stimulus in the absence
of a real aversive
stimulus describes
what?
```
Flooding
56
```
You belong to a managed-care
panel and a client with a
12-session limit was referred to
you. Without calling to cancel,
she does not show up for her
fourth session. How would you
bill for the missed session?
```
Bill the client
according to
office policies
57
```
What is used to
assess the impact of
disease on physical
and emotional
functioning?
```
The Sickness
| Impact Profile
58
```
According to Prochaska and
DiClemente's Stages of Change
Model, what stage best applies to a
man who is aware of his drinking
problem, recognizes the benefits of
getting sober, and plans to quit
drinking on his birthday in three
months?
```
Contemplation
59
```
Jon scored 75 on his final
exam. The test scores
were normally distributed
with a mean of 60 and a
standard deviation of 15.
Jon's score would be in
what percentile range?
```
```
Jon's standard score
equals (75-60)/15, or 1.0,
putting his score at the
84th percentile; in a
normal distribution, 1.0 is
34 percentile points above
the mean of 50
```
60
Orientation is
most frequently
measured by
what scale?
Galveston
Orientation and
Amnesia Test
61
```
Aggressive thoughts result
in aggressive behavior,
which in turn has the effect
of causing others to have
aggressive thoughts. This
is an example of what?
```
Reciprocal
| determinism
62
```
Which of Glick and Fiske's
theories start from the premise
that the relations between the
genders are characterized by
the coexistence of power
differences and intimate
interdependence?
```
```
Ambivalent Sexism Theory,
which describes two
complementary, cross-culturally
prevalent ideologies called
hostile and benevolent sexism,
both of which predict gender
inequality
```
63
```
What factors are
considered most
important for competent
multicultural
counseling?
```
Awareness,
skills, and
knowledge
(ASK)
64
```
What causes Marfan's
syndrome (affects
connective tissue) and
Von Willedbrand's
disease (blood clotting
defects)?
```
An autosomal
dominant
gene
65
```
What non-stimulant
medication alleviates
inattention and
hyperactivity/impulsivity
symptoms in ADHD?
```
Atomoxetine (Strattera),
which is a selective
norepinephrine reuptake
inhibitor (SNRI)
66
```
What section of the 2002
Ethical Principles of
Psychologists and Code of
Conduct discusses the intent,
organization, procedural
consideration, and scope of
application of the Ethics Code
```
The
| introduction
67
```
Research by Foa et al.
(1999) found what
treatment to be most
effective for
post-traumatic stress
disorder?
```
Prolonged
exposure
(without other
interventions)
68
```
Externalizing
conversations is a
technique associated
with what therapeutic
approach?
```
Narrative
| therapy
69
```
Frank has changed his college
major three times, though
believes he has finally found
the right major after thoroughly
reviewing his skills and
interests. What stage of identity
crisis, according to Marcia, is
Frank in?
```
```
Achievement, as
he has surmounted
the crisis and
made a
commitment
```
70
Why is rotation
used in factor
analysis?
To get an easier
pattern of factor
loadings to
interpret
71
```
What does the use of
the technique known
as self-instruction with
hyperactive children
involve?
```
Having children
make
self-statements
72
```
For what population would
it be least appropriate to
give the performance
subtests only of the
WISC-IV as a measure of
general intelligence?
```
```
Suburban middle-class
children, as within this
population, performance
IQ scores have been
found to underestimate
general intelligence
```
73
```
The tendency to be easily
provoked by others, to
have difficulty controlling
impulses, and to react
aggressively when
interacting with others is
referred to as ________.
```
Reactive
| aggression
74
```
Low LPC leaders,
according to contingency
theory of leadership, are
most effective when
relationships with
subordinates are what?
```
Either very
good or
very poor
75
Equity Theory
focuses on
________
justice.
Distributive (the
perceived
fairness of
outcomes)
76
```
Research utilizing functional
brain imaging techniques has
shown a biological basis for
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD) and has
linked it to abnormalities in
what brain structures?
```
Frontal lobe,
striatum, and
cerebellum
77
```
When trying to prove
causation, a researcher
mismatches levels of data
and tries to apply statistics
at one level to infer to data
of another level. What is
this is referred to as?
```
Ecological
| fallacy
78
```
The extinction of
responding to one cue
results in an increase in
responding to the other
is a phenomenon known
as what?
```
Cue
| deflation
79
```
A person taking a
benzodiazepine experiences
symptoms including
hallucinations, nightmares, and
rage reactions. These
symptoms are most suggestive
of what?
```
Rebound
| anxiety
80
```
If you are interested in
determining whether the
relationship between arousal
and performance assumes a
linear or a non-linear shape,
the best statistical analysis to
use would be ________.
```
Trend
| analysis
81
```
The parents of a child with
Mental Retardation are
most likely to say that,
during infancy, one of the
earliest signs that
something "was wrong"
was what?
```
The child's lack
of interest in
the
environment
82
```
In the
multitrait-multimethod
matrix, a low
heterotrait-monomethod
coefficient would
indicate what?
```
High
divergent
validity
83
```
Psychodrama seeks to examine
and resolve difficult situations
through guided dramatization and
the release of creative forces
inherent in the individual. The issue
or problem to be explored in the
psychodrama is chosen by the
________.
```
Protagonist
84
```
According to research on
mothers who exhibit parental
alienation syndrome and are
going through a custody
evaluation, the pattern of
scores on the MMPI-2 would
most likely be what?
```
Low F scale
score and
elevated L and
K scale scores
85
```
TRUE or FALSE: In a
court-ordered evaluation, the
evaluator does not need to
obtain informed consent but
must inform the evaluatee of
the intended use of the
evaluation.
```
```
TRUE: When an
evaluation is
court-ordered, the
evaluator is only
responsible for informing
the evaluatee of the
intended use of the data
```
86
```
What occurs when a
conditioned stimulus is
presented simultaneously
with a second stimulus just
before the unconditioned
stimulus?
```
```
Blocking, which means
the second stimulus
(unconditioned stimulus)
does not produce the
conditioned response
```
87
```
What is the primary
purpose of feedback
in the context of
organizational
development?
```
```
To help clients
understand the
diagnostic
information that
has been collected
```
88
```
The exam score and the
________ are necessary
to calculate the 68%
confidence interval for an
examinee's obtained test
score.
```
Standard
error of the
measurement
89
```
During a board meeting, Dave's
co-worker presented and took sole credit
for ideas and work that Dave had done.
Dave initially felt furious but forced
himself to calm down and control his
reaction, despite still being very upset, so
as not to appear unprofessional in front of
the board members. According to Selye's
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS),
Dave was in the _________ phase.
```
Resistance (the
other two phases
are alarm and
exhaustion)
90
What does a
negative item
discrimination
(D) indicate?
```
The more low-achieving
examinees answered
the item correctly than
high-achieving
examinees (the test was
to easy)
```
91
```
What ethnic group
has the highest
proportion of
reported incidents
of child abuse?
```
Native
| American
92
```
A psychologist has been
treating a child in play therapy
for several months and is
asked to testify in a court
case involving custody of the
child. What should the
psychologist do?
```
Decline to
testify, as it is in
the child's best
interest
93
```
In addition to the
Vocabulary subtest, what
Wechsler subtests are
least susceptible to brain
damage and, therefore,
useful for assessing
premorbid intelligence?
```
Information
and Picture
Completion
94
```
The Health Belief Model (HBM)
is a tool for predicting and
understanding an individual's
health-related decision making.
The results from which of the 4
dimensions provide the most
information?
```
Perceived
| barriers
95
```
Helping individuals not
ready to give up
substances lead safer
lives is the main
principle behind what
approach?
```
```
The Harm Reduction
approach, which
advocates for meeting
substance users at their
level in terms of their
needs and goals of
treatment
```
96
```
What is the tendency
to make dispositional
attributions to an
entire group of people
referred to as?
```
Ultimate
attribution
error
97
```
A seizure that begins with
uncontrollable twitching of
a small part of the body
and gradually spreads
throughout one side or the
entire body is referred to
as what?
```
Partial
98
```
What neurotransmitter is
associated with
cognitive abilities which
are correlated with
alcohol use, particularly
learning and memory?
```
Glutamate
99
```
Morgan developed the
_________ model to
help explain the
relationship between
personality mood states
and athletic success.
```
```
Mental health (MHM),
which proposes that an
inverse relationship
exists between
psychopathology and
sport performance
```
100
TRUE or FALSE:
SSRIs may initially
worsen sleep and
anxiety symptoms.
```
TRUE: Despite the
potential for sleep and
anxiety issues, SSRI
medications are safer
than tricyclics
```
101
```
In determining the
reliability of a test
with dichotomously
scored questions,
what might you use?
```
Kuder-Richardson
reliability
coefficient
102
```
A man is able to achieve
erections during sleep,
but, has difficulty achieving
or maintaining erections
during sexual activities.
What would be the most
appropriate diagnosis?
```
```
Male Erectile Disorder,
which is characterized by
a persistent or recurrent
inability to attain or
maintain an erection until
completion of sexual
activity
```
103
```
Eagly et al.'s (2003) meta-analysis
of transformational, transactional,
and laissez-faire leadership styles
comparing women and men found
________ leaders engaged in more
of the contingent reward behaviors
than ________ leaders; further,
________ tended to be more
transformational.
```
Female;
male;
female
104
```
Which of the "Big Five"
personality variables is
significantly correlated
with job performance
across the widest
variety of occupations?
```
Conscientiousness
105
```
The symptoms of
Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder can be alleviated
through cognitive-behavioral
treatments and medication
interventions that reduce
activity in what brain structure?
```
Caudate
| nucleus
106
```
TRUE or FALSE: It is
ethical for a
psychologist to routinely
waive co-payments for
all of her low income
patients.
```
```
FALSE: This is unethical
as it is insurance fraud;
it would be ethical if the
insurance company was
aware of this set-up
```
107
```
A condition
produced by the
treatment for that
condition is referred
to as what?
```
Iatrogenic
108
```
What is particularly
useful for
screening for
Dementia in elderly
adults?
```
The Mini
Mental Status
Exam (MMSE)
109
```
Raising the cutoff
score on a
predictor test
would have what
effect?
```
Decrease
false
positives
110
What are the
three phases of
prenatal
development?
Germinal,
embryonic, and
fetal (foetal)
111
```
What is used to evaluate
student performance in
light of the current
curriculum and identify
possible modifications in
instructional style?
```
Curriculum-based
| assessment
112
```
What term would best
describe a patient who
praises her therapist in
one session then is
highly critical in the
next?
```
Splitting
113
```
A child who can understand
that A is greater than B and B
is greater than C, and then
understand that as a result, A
is greater than C,
demonstrates the capacity for
what?
```
```
Inductive
reasoning, or
reasoning from a
particular fact to a
general rule
```
114
```
What percent of
individuals diagnosed with
Panic Disorder also have
Agoraphobia in community
samples according to the
DSM-IV-TR?
```
33 to 50%
| 1/3 to 1/2
115
```
What would be
administered in order to
determine if an
examinee is likely to do
well on a job sample?
```
A
trainability
test
116
```
Despite his many
accomplishments and positive
feedback from his supervisor, a
client believes his work
performance is below average
because he feels like a failure.
This is an example of what, as
described by Beck?
```
```
Emotional reasoning
(negative feelings lead
to a belief that there
must be a negative
external situation)
```
117
```
Feature integration theory
proposes that the
perception of an object as
an entity rather than as a
cluster of unrelated
features depends on
what?
```
Focused
| attention
118
```
According to Anne
Cleary's model of test
fairness, when would
a job selection test be
considered unfair?
```
```
When the slope of the
test's regression line is
different for one
subgroup (e.g.,
Hispanics) than for
another (e.g., Whites)
```
119
```
What is a loss of
memory for
autobiographical
information
referred to as?
```
```
Functional amnesia,
which is caused by
psychological as
opposed to
structural trauma
```
120
```
According to the
catecholamine
hypothesis, what
causes
depression?
```
A deficiency in
| norepinephrine
121
```
What would be
used to determine
the level of
agreement of two
raters on a test?
```
```
Kappa coefficient,
which is the most
common way to
estimate inter-scorer
reliability
```
122
```
What component of
managed health care
refers to the idea that it is
useful to review benefits to
eliminate or reduce
unnecessary health care
resources?
```
Utilization
| review
123
```
What are the two
dimensions of
leadership as defined by
the Ohio State
University studies in the
1950s?
```
```
Consideration (i.e.,
employee orientation,
relations-oriented, and
concern for people) and
initiating structure (i.e.,
task-orientation and
concern for production)
```
124
```
What "Big Five"
personality traits are
most associated with
Antisocial Personality
Disorder?
```
```
High on
neuroticism, low on
agreeableness,
and low on
conscientiousness
```
125
```
According to
Bandura's social
learning theory, what
does "functional
value" refer to?
```
Anticipated
| consequences
126
```
TRUE or FALSE: The
rate of Major Depressive
Disorder for adolescent
and adult females is
twice that of adolescent
and adult males.
```
```
TRUE: Adolescent and
adult females experience
Major Depression twice as
often as their male
counterparts, though rates
for prepubescent boys and
girls are equal
```
127
```
By what age are signs
of the personality
characteristic of social
inhibition usually
present?
```
As early as
2 to 4
months old
128
```
The emergence of
symptoms in females who
seemed to be doing well at
the time of their parents
divorce a number of years
earlier is referred to as
what?
```
The sleeper
effect, which is
most true for
girls
129
```
According to Beck,
suicidal people are
characterized by a high
degree of ________
coupled with ________.
```
Hopelessness;
problem-solving
skills
130
```
What cause of test unfairness
occurs when members of one
group obtain lower scores on a
selection test than members of
another group, but the
difference in scores is not
reflected in their scores on
measures of job performance?
```
Differential
| prediction
131
```
Huntington's Disease
is most associated
with decreased
amounts of what
neurotransmitter?
```
```
GABA, which
regulates the levels
of dopamine in the
brain through an
inhibitory process
```
132
```
Complex partial
seizures originate in the
________ while
absence seizures
originate in the
________.
```
Temporal
lobe;
thalamus
133
Damage to the
medial temporal
region of the brain
will affect what?
Organic
amnesia
(retrograde and
anterograde)
134
What are the
four main stages
of neural
development?
Proliferation,
migration,
differentiation,
and myelination
135
```
In a principal components
analysis, the amount of
variability in a group of
variables accounted for by
an independent statistical
component is called what?
```
An
| eigenvalue
136
What is the male to
female ratio of
Alcohol Abuse and
Dependence?
5 to 1
137
```
In a normal distribution of
scores, the range of raw scores
represented by the percentile
rank range of 50 to 55 is
_______ the range of raw
scores represented by the
percentile rank range of 90 to
95.
```
Less
| than
138
```
A child should be
able to put
two-word phrases
together by, at
latest, what age?
```
30
| months
139
A primary
reinforcer is the
same as what?
Unconditioned reinforcer
(they both acquire their
reinforcing value without
special training)
140
```
Following a closed head
injury that causes a
significant concussion, a
patient would most likely
display what symptoms?
```
```
Shifting attention and
forgetfulness (among
other symptoms,
these are the most
likely to be displayed)
```
141
```
You are seeing a family consisting
of a mother, a father, and a
daughter in therapy. Every time the
mother says something, the father
and the daughter argue with
whatever she says. The behavior of
the father and the daughter can be
best described by what term?
```
```
Coalition, defined
as an alliance of
two family
members against a
third
```
142
```
According to Kohlberg's
cognitive-developmental
theory of gender
concept development,
based on Piaget, what is
established by age 6?
```
Gender
constancy,
identity and
stability
143
```
What would be used to
determine how well an
examinee did on a test
in terms of a specific
standard of
performance?
```
```
Criterion-referenced
interpretation
("standard of
performance" =
external criterion)
```
144
What are the 2
phases
involved in
overcorrection?
```
1. Restitution (person
performs corrective
behavior); 2. Physical
guidance (person who
does not comply is
physically guided through
desired behavior)
```
145
```
According to Ellen Berscheid's
Emotion-in-Relationships
Model, partners in long-term
relationships are most likely to
________ their emotional
investment in the relationship
when things are running
smoothly.
```
Underestimate
146
```
Although just noticeable
differences (or difference
thresholds) are considered to
represent psychologically
________ units, their
corresponding physical
differences are ________.
```
Equal;
| unequal
147
```
Following a stroke, a
patient exhibits right
hemiplegia. Other
symptoms are likely
to include what?
```
Speech-language
deficits and
slow-cautious
behavior style
148
```
According to Patterson's
coercive family
interactive model, where
do children learn
aggressive behavior?
```
```
Children initially learn
aggressive behavior from
their parents who model
aggression through their
use of harsh discipline and
ignore or reinforce their
child's aggressiveness
```
149
```
Generally, performance
________ in the
presence of others if the
desired behavior is not
well-learned.
```
Decreases,
according to the
model of social
facilitation
150
```
What are conducted by
organizations such as
HMOs or independent
overseers to review the
quality of services
provided?
```
Quality
assurance
review
151
```
What is the probability
of a parent with
Huntington's Chorea
passing the disorder
on to an offspring?
```
```
50% for both male
and female
offspring, as it is a
dominant,
autosomal disorder
```
152
What medication would
be most effective in the
treatment of premature
ejaculation?
SSRI, as one of
the side-effects
is delayed
ejaculation
153
```
Consuming foods
containing tyramine while
taking a monoamine
oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)
would most likely result in
what?
```
```
Hypertension,
headache,
diaphoresis
(perspiration), or
heart palpitations
```
154
```
Alloy, Abramson, and
Metalsky have revised the
learned helplessness
model of depression and
de-emphasized the role of
what?
```
```
Attributions, theorizing
that they are only
important when they
contribute to feelings
of hopelessness
```
155
```
Positive and negative
life events are likely to
have what type of
effects on a person's
sense of satisfaction
and well-being?
```
Short-term
but not
long-term
156
```
What have studies on the
effectiveness of training for
improving the cognitive
skills of older people who
have already experienced
normal age-related
declines found?
```
```
That training can
improve verbal and
nonverbal skills to
levels comparable to
pre-decline levels
```
157
A person stops and asks a parking
attendant for directions after getting lost
while driving to an appointment. The
attendant states, "Make a left at the first
red light. Go four blocks until you reach a
stop sign and turn right onto Main Street.
About three blocks down Main, look for a
large red sign at the entrance to the
parking lot." What type of memory is
needed to hold such information?
Working
| memory
158
A test with limited
ceiling would have
a ________
distribution shape.
```
Negatively skewed, as a
test with limited ceiling has
an inadequate number of
difficult items (too easy),
which would result in fewer
low scores and skew the
distribution
```
159
```
Learning
disabilities are
defined by
discrepancies
between what?
```
Achievement
| and aptitude
160
```
A patient displays apraxia,
tactile agnosia, difficulties with
movement, and confusion
between the left and the right
side of the body. Which lobe of
the person's cerebral cortex is
most likely damaged?
```
Parietal
161
```
The best initial strategy for
teaching complex motor
skills that require speed
and accuracy to be
successfully performed is
to emphasize ________
over ________.
```
Speed;
| accuracy
162
```
When are threats of
retaliation for
aggressive behavior
most likely to deter
aggression?
```
```
When the retaliator has
high status or power;
threats are more likely to
increase aggression if the
retaliator has previously
provoked the person
```
163
```
An accident victim has been
partially stabilized in a hospital
emergency room and is being
transferred to an intensive care
unit for continued assessment
and treatment. At this point,
what is commonly used to
evaluate for brain injuries?
```
Glascow
Coma
Scale
164
What is the most
common diagnosis
for inpatients in the
18-44 age range?
Schizophrenia
165
A pianist comes to your office for therapy after
having sustained a head injury in a recent car
accident. He has lost sensation in the fingers of
his left hand and feels he "must be going crazy"
because this is such a strange occurrence.
Before you pull out the DSM-IV, you refer him to
a neurologist because you suspect the head
injury may have caused damage to what brain
structure?
```
Postcentral gyrus, as loss
of sensation due to brain
injury is likely to involve
the somatosensory cortex,
which is located on the
postcentral gyrus in the
parietal lobe
```
166
You receive a letter from the current therapist of
a former client. The therapist wants you to
forward a copy of the client's records, and she
encloses a signed release from the client. The
client still owes you for ten therapy sessions, and
you notify the client that you will not release the
records until a satisfactory payment arrangement
has been made. According to the Ethics Code, is
this acceptable?
Only if the client's
records are not
"imminently
needed"
167
```
Starvation in
Anorexia is believed
to be precipitated by
________ levels of
serotonin.
```
High
168
```
A therapist is most
likely to exert
which type of
power over a
client?
```
```
Referent, which is
based on a person's
attraction to or
desire to be liked the
holder of power
```
169
```
For children with
Enuresis (Not Due to a
General Medical
Condition), what is the
most likely
co-diagnosis?
```
Sleepwalking or
Sleep Terror
Disorder
170
```
There is some evidence that
hearing impairment in infancy (e.g.,
due to ear infections) may lead to
some degree of persisting
impairment in verbal skills and
academic achievement even when
the hearing deficit has been
alleviated. This finding supports the
notion of what?
```
Sensitive
| periods
171
```
A family therapist who
uses anecdotes from
her own family to
emphasize similarities
with the client family is
doing what?
```
```
Joining, a technique used by
structural family therapists,
involves taking steps to
become a family insider by,
among other things, assuming
the same type of
communication style, sharing
personal stories, etc
```
172
```
Walking through a dark park at
night, you hear footsteps
behind you. You think it may be
a mugger so your breathing
deepens and heart beats
faster, at the same time you
experience fear. This is an
example of what theory?
```
```
Lazarus' theory, which
proposes that a
thought must precede
any emotion or
physiological arousal
```
173
What type of
seizures are also
known as temporal
lobe epilepsy?
Complex
partial
seizures
174
Behavioral approaches
dealing with Autistic
children would primarily
employ what approach?
```
Shaping, also
know as the
method of
successive
approximations
```
175
Compared to traditional
neuroleptics, risperidone
has a ________ risk of
________.
```
Lower; tardive
dyskinesia (NOTE:
risperidone is the
most prescribed
antipsychotic)
```
176
```
Research on
constructive memory
has linked false
recollection to lesions in
what brain structure?
```
The frontal
| lobe
177
```
Illnesses, such as
Chronic Fatigue
Syndrome, which have
an unknown cause are
said to be what?
```
Idiopathic, which
translates to
"unknown
cause"
178
```
To reduce their
liability risk, managed
care organizations are
most likely to do
what?
```
Insure their
providers are
credentialed
179
```
As a treatment for
Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder, in vivo exposure
is most effective when
exposure is combined with
________.
```
```
Response
prevention (NOTE:
exposure should
be massed rather
than distributed)
```
180
What is the most
common type of
work-family
conflict?
```
Time-based, which
occurs when role
pressures stemming
from the two different
domains compete for
the individual's time
```
181
```
What antidepressant is
associated with the treatment
of
attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD), enuresis,
and decreasing the desire to
binge and purge?
```
Imipramine
| tricyclic
182
```
A child in Piaget's
________ stage of moral
development is most likely
to agree that game rules
can be changed if
everyone who is playing
the game agrees.
```
Autonomous
183
Client-therapist
matching of
ethnicity is a good
predictor of what?
Treatment
| length
184
```
What has research
investigating the
relationship between
sexual abuse in childhood
and the development of
Bulimia Nervosa in
adulthood has found?
```
```
A higher rate of
bulimia for children
who were sexually
abused (regardless
of sex)
```
185
A college graduate is hired by a small firm and is
promised bonuses and promotions based on his
work performance. After working at the firm for
two years, he has not received a bonus, raise, or
promotion, despite the fact that he has regularly
worked overtime and is generally recognized to
be one of the firm's best workers by the other
employees. From the perspective of expectancy
theory, what would be lowered?
```
Instrumentality (the
degree to which
performance leads
to certain desired
outcomes)
```
186
```
During preadolescence,
what is most likely
manifested as chest
pain, tachycardia,
shortness of breath, and
refusal to go to school?
```
Panic
| Disorder
187
```
TRUE or FALSE: Children
with Learning Disorders
have higher rates of some
disorders and, as adults,
continue to exhibit more
problems than members of
the general population
```
```
TRUE: A child
diagnosed with a
Learning Disorder is
more likely to
experience difficulties
later in life
```
188
```
During the acute
phase, hypoglycemia
is most likely to be
misdiagnosed as
what?
```
Panic
| Disorder
189
```
Generalized
tonic-clonic
seizures are
associated with
what?
```
Grand mal
| epilepsy
190
```
The primary difference between
Alzheimer's Disease and
Korsakoff's Syndrome is that
________ involves both memory
loss and other cognitive
impairments, while ________
involves memory loss without the
other cognitive impairments.
```
Alzheimer's
Disease;
Korakoff's
Syndrome
191
```
According to Craik and
Lockhart's Levels of
Processing Theory,
what might a person do
to maximize recall of a
list of words?
```
Elaborative
rehearsal (e.g.,
make up a rhyme
using the words)
192
Anosognosia is
most often due to
damage to what
part of the brain?
```
Right parietal lobe (contains
the somatosensory cortex
which is normally responsible
for integrating somatosensory
information with visual and
other sensory information)
```
193
```
For a diagnosis of
Bulimia Nervosa, a
person must have a
history of binge eating
and what else?
```
Inappropriate
compensatory
behavior for at
least three months
194
```
A 12-year-old child has
been exhibiting several
motor tics and a vocal tic
many times each day for
the past 6 months. What is
the most likely diagnosis?
```
Transient Tic
Disorder (more
than 4 weeks, less
than 12 months)
195
```
According to Atkinson,
Sue, and Sue, what is
the ideal outcome of
racial/cultural identity
development?
```
```
Integrative awareness
(stage), which involves
recognizing that all
cultures have
acceptable and
unacceptable aspects
```
196
```
What condition is characterized
by anterograde amnesia and
retrograde amnesia that
involves a temporal gradient in
which remote events are
recalled better than recent
events?
```
Korsakoff's
| Syndrome
197
```
What did the results
of the Robber's
Cave experiment
(Sherif et al., 1961)
indicate?
```
Superordinate
goals reduce
hostility between
groups
198
```
The _________
design is used to
evaluate the
effects of
pretesting.
```
Solomon
| four-group
199
```
Presbyopia, a common
result of normal aging, is
most likely to increase the
near point from four inches
at 20 years of age to
_________ at 60 years of
age.
```
48
| inches
200
```
According to Relapse
Prevention Therapy
(Marlatt and Gordon), what
factors most increase the
chance of relapse in a
```
Negative affects,
interpersonal
conflict, and
social pressure
