Practice Questions Flashcards
General symptoms that may accompany the third stage of Alzheimer's Dementia include what?
Apathy and
emotional
blunting
This technique usually involves recording specific behaviors that allow one to understand the subject's problem-solving methodology.
Protocol analysis
(collecting
verbatim reports)
This therapeutic approach involves changing or adapting to the environment by altering one's own behaviors or responses
Autoplastic
A person who is unable to identify objects from atypical views, in low-light conditions, when there are many shadows, or when objects overlap has what condition?
Apperceptive
visual
agnosia
What best describes a DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criterion for delirium?
Clouding of
consciousness
This research design consists of a series of phases in which a different behavioral criterion is set for each phase; if the behavior reaches the criterion level for each phase, the treatment is considered to be effective.
Changing
criterion
Complex Partial Seizure Disorder, formerly known as Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, is known to originate in the temporal lobe. However, absence seizures, formerly known as petit mal seizures, are believed to originate where?
Thalamus
Research on psychotherapy outcome indicates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_% of therapy clients show marked improvement in symptoms after the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ session.
75;
26th
The upper and lower limits of the standard error of measurement for a test with a mean of 80 and standard deviation of 10 are what?
0 to 10
What are the 6 phases Baumgartner developed regarding the incorporation of an HIV/AIDS diagnosis?
1. Diagnosis; 2. Post-diagnosis turning point; 3. Immersion; 4. Post-immersion turning point; 5. Integration; 6. Disclosure
What theorists assert that individuals in positions of lower power and status are better at reading/perceiving members of higher status groups than are those from higher status groups at reading people from lower status groups?
Social-Role
theorists
An individual taking clozapine begins exhibiting symptoms of muscle rigidity, tachycardia, hyperthermia, altered consciousness, and autonomic dysfunction. In this case, what would be the best course of action?
Stop the drug immediately and administer electrolytes and fluids
Flashbulb memories are vivid memories of emotionally-arousing events. Flashbulb memories are considered part of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ memory.
Episodic
Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) indicated the highest prevalence of alcohol abuse was among what ethnic group?
Whites
An intervention targeting Bronfenbrenner's \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ will focus on family members and/or classmates.
Microsystem
Most studies on child sexual abuse have not found this to be associated with more severe outcomes.
Male gender, while worse outcomes are associated with abuse by a family member, onset of abuse at an earlier age, and abuse by a much older perpetrator
________ interdependence occurs when a
network of two-way relationships tie a collection
of people together; ________ interdependence
occurs when individuals have a shared source of
resources but little else in common; ________
involves a series or chain of one-way interactions
in which individuals rely on those who precede
them in the chain; ________ is the most complex
form as everyone involved is reciprocally
interdependent on one another.
Reciprocal;
pooled;
sequential;
comprehensive
What are the primary associated features of the Somatoform Disorders?
Anxiety
and
depression
Individual's with Tourette's Disorder frequently suffer from a learning disorder in school, most likely caused by what?
Attentional and
hyperactivity
problems
A significant finding for a one-way ANOVA indicates that the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ means were different.
Population
(statistical tests
make inferences
about a population)
What is problem
adolescent drug
use most
associated with?
Alienation,
impulsivity, and
subjective
distress
TRUE or FALSE: Older adults respond similarly to therapy as younger adults, although older adults tend to respond quicker.
FALSE: Older adults do respond similarly, though slower, than younger adults
According to Social Judgment Theory, persuasion is made more difficult when the new information is a/an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ issue.
Ego-involved
A therapist who typically conceptualizes cases
from a psychodynamic theoretical framework and
uses related techniques decides to use an empty
chair technique in a therapy session is using
a/an ________ approach; ________ is the term
used to describe the approach where a therapist
chooses interventions based on what works
without considering a theoretical basis for using
the technique.
Assimilative
integration;
technical
eclecticism
What is the best systematic method for tracking the progression of Alzheimer's Disease?
Regularly administered measures of cognitive functioning
Which of the Big
Five personality
traits is least
stable over time?
Neuroticism
(extraversion
appears to be
most stable)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ demonstrated that emotion is not a function of any specific brain center but of a circuit that involves four basic structures.
James
Papez
Increasing
internal validity
is best achieved
by what?
Random
assignment,
known as the
“great equalizer”
Medications used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's Disease block the effects of what?
Acetylcholine
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is used to evaluate predictive relationships between measured variables and latent factors.
Structural
equation
modeling
According to Bass, transformational leadership
contains four interrelated components: ________
is characterized by high moral and ethical
standards, ________ provides followers with
meaning and challenges for engaging in
undertakings and shared goals, ________ helps
followers to question assumptions and to
generate more creative solutions to problems,
and ________ treats each follower as an
individual and provides coaching, mentoring and
growth opportunities.
Idealized influence; inspirational motivation; intellectual stimulation; individual consideration
An organization decides to implement changes based on a job characteristics assessment. What is least likely to be affected?
Work quality (research indicates there would be improvements in satisfaction, absenteeism, turnover, and motivation)
Jane is reluctant to give poor ratings to her subordinates for fear of ruffling feathers. Consequently, she tends to be unusually easy in her ratings. Jane is committing what type of error?
Central
tendency
bias
Psychoanalytic theory and ethology (the study of animals in their natural habitat) both emphasize what?
Critical
periods
A researcher employs multiple methods of measurement in an attempt to increase reliability by reducing systematic error, a strategy referred to as what?
Triangulation
An adult woman comes to an outpatient clinic. She is foreign-born and has almost no skills in English. She appears depressed. If one were to attempt a standardized assessment of her level of cognitive functioning, the best test would be what?
Ravens Progressive Matrices, which is completely non-dependent on language
A student seeks counseling at the university counseling center due to feelings of failure as a student. When asked about his grades, he states that his grade point average is 3.9 but thinks that he should be doing better. He is most likely using what cognitive distortion?
Arbitrary inference, which occurs when one draws a specific conclusion without supporting evidence, or even in the face of contradictory evidence
Organizational psychologists would most likely use what when talking to business leaders about implementing the use of psychological tests in selecting employees?
Utility analysis (to compare how much money the company currently makes without using the psychological tests and how much money the company would be expected to make if a testing program were implemented)
What part of the brain is compromised in Parkinson's Disease?
Substantia nigra, which is a group of neurons that is part of the extrapyramidal motor system
The Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA) is a person-environment fit theory of career development that indicates employment tenure is tied to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Satisfaction;
satisfactoriness
A spinal cord
injury is most
often diagnosed
using what?
MRI or CT
and X-ray
When an individual imagines movement or engaging in a motor activity, which part of the brain is most likely to be active?
Parietal
lobe
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ inhibition occurs when new learning interferes with previous learning, while \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ inhibition occurs when previous learning interferes with new learning.
Retroactive;
proactive
If an individual consistently neglects the left side of his body he likely has damage to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lobe of his \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ hemisphere.
Parietal;
right
This occurs when members of one group obtain lower scores on a selection test than members of another group, but the difference in scores is not reflected in their scores on measures of job performance, leading to test unfairness.
Differential
prediction
A company wants its clerical employees to be very efficient, accurate and fast. Examinees are given a perceptual speed test on which they indicate whether two names are exactly identical or slightly different. The reliability of the test would be best assessed by what?
Test-retest or
alternate-forms
Who is associated with the shift in perspective from "time from birth" to "time to death?"
Neugarten, who found midlife to be characterized by this shift in perspective
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ tries to overcome halo, leniency, and similar rater biases by arranging, in a non-hierarchal manner, items that describe performance as either good, average, or poor and then the rater rates whether the individual performs better, equal to, or worse than the behavior described in the item.
Mixed
standard
scale
As a management consultant for a corporation, a
psychologist devises a way for employees
working in groups to complete their work. The
psychologist divides the employees into two
teams. Each team has to complete a set of
tasks, and all group members are free to work on
any or all of the tasks. If all tasks are completed,
each team member receives a bonus. If even
one of the tasks is not completed, nobody
receives a bonus. This is an example of what
type of task?
Additive
The best technique for evaluating an intervention intended to increase the time a student with ADHD stays academically on-task would be what?
Interval
recording
What is designed most explicitly to assist an investigator in deciding how much confidence to put in a particular finding based on data?
Inferential
statistics
The ability of a test item to discriminate between members of different ability groups is best indicated by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of its item characteristic curve.
Slope
What 3 factors
are involved in
hypnosis?
- Dissociation;
- Absorption;
- Suggestibility
If data points are widely scattered around a regression line, it would indicate what?
A low
correlation
coefficient
Exposure to a previously conditioned stimulus in the absence of a real aversive stimulus describes what?
Flooding
You belong to a managed-care panel and a client with a 12-session limit was referred to you. Without calling to cancel, she does not show up for her fourth session. How would you bill for the missed session?
Bill the client
according to
office policies
What is used to assess the impact of disease on physical and emotional functioning?
The Sickness
Impact Profile
According to Prochaska and DiClemente's Stages of Change Model, what stage best applies to a man who is aware of his drinking problem, recognizes the benefits of getting sober, and plans to quit drinking on his birthday in three months?
Contemplation
Jon scored 75 on his final exam. The test scores were normally distributed with a mean of 60 and a standard deviation of 15. Jon's score would be in what percentile range?
Jon's standard score equals (75-60)/15, or 1.0, putting his score at the 84th percentile; in a normal distribution, 1.0 is 34 percentile points above the mean of 50
Orientation is
most frequently
measured by
what scale?
Galveston
Orientation and
Amnesia Test
Aggressive thoughts result in aggressive behavior, which in turn has the effect of causing others to have aggressive thoughts. This is an example of what?
Reciprocal
determinism
Which of Glick and Fiske's theories start from the premise that the relations between the genders are characterized by the coexistence of power differences and intimate interdependence?
Ambivalent Sexism Theory, which describes two complementary, cross-culturally prevalent ideologies called hostile and benevolent sexism, both of which predict gender inequality
What factors are considered most important for competent multicultural counseling?
Awareness,
skills, and
knowledge
(ASK)
What causes Marfan's syndrome (affects connective tissue) and Von Willedbrand's disease (blood clotting defects)?
An autosomal
dominant
gene
What non-stimulant medication alleviates inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms in ADHD?
Atomoxetine (Strattera),
which is a selective
norepinephrine reuptake
inhibitor (SNRI)
What section of the 2002 Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct discusses the intent, organization, procedural consideration, and scope of application of the Ethics Code
The
introduction
Research by Foa et al. (1999) found what treatment to be most effective for post-traumatic stress disorder?
Prolonged
exposure
(without other
interventions)
Externalizing conversations is a technique associated with what therapeutic approach?
Narrative
therapy
Frank has changed his college major three times, though believes he has finally found the right major after thoroughly reviewing his skills and interests. What stage of identity crisis, according to Marcia, is Frank in?
Achievement, as he has surmounted the crisis and made a commitment
Why is rotation
used in factor
analysis?
To get an easier
pattern of factor
loadings to
interpret
What does the use of the technique known as self-instruction with hyperactive children involve?
Having children
make
self-statements
For what population would it be least appropriate to give the performance subtests only of the WISC-IV as a measure of general intelligence?
Suburban middle-class children, as within this population, performance IQ scores have been found to underestimate general intelligence
The tendency to be easily provoked by others, to have difficulty controlling impulses, and to react aggressively when interacting with others is referred to as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Reactive
aggression
Low LPC leaders, according to contingency theory of leadership, are most effective when relationships with subordinates are what?
Either very
good or
very poor
Equity Theory
focuses on
________
justice.
Distributive (the
perceived
fairness of
outcomes)
Research utilizing functional brain imaging techniques has shown a biological basis for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and has linked it to abnormalities in what brain structures?
Frontal lobe,
striatum, and
cerebellum
When trying to prove causation, a researcher mismatches levels of data and tries to apply statistics at one level to infer to data of another level. What is this is referred to as?
Ecological
fallacy
The extinction of responding to one cue results in an increase in responding to the other is a phenomenon known as what?
Cue
deflation
A person taking a benzodiazepine experiences symptoms including hallucinations, nightmares, and rage reactions. These symptoms are most suggestive of what?
Rebound
anxiety
If you are interested in determining whether the relationship between arousal and performance assumes a linear or a non-linear shape, the best statistical analysis to use would be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Trend
analysis