Practice Questions Flashcards
General symptoms that may accompany the third stage of Alzheimer's Dementia include what?
Apathy and
emotional
blunting
This technique usually involves recording specific behaviors that allow one to understand the subject's problem-solving methodology.
Protocol analysis
(collecting
verbatim reports)
This therapeutic approach involves changing or adapting to the environment by altering one's own behaviors or responses
Autoplastic
A person who is unable to identify objects from atypical views, in low-light conditions, when there are many shadows, or when objects overlap has what condition?
Apperceptive
visual
agnosia
What best describes a DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criterion for delirium?
Clouding of
consciousness
This research design consists of a series of phases in which a different behavioral criterion is set for each phase; if the behavior reaches the criterion level for each phase, the treatment is considered to be effective.
Changing
criterion
Complex Partial Seizure Disorder, formerly known as Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, is known to originate in the temporal lobe. However, absence seizures, formerly known as petit mal seizures, are believed to originate where?
Thalamus
Research on psychotherapy outcome indicates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_% of therapy clients show marked improvement in symptoms after the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ session.
75;
26th
The upper and lower limits of the standard error of measurement for a test with a mean of 80 and standard deviation of 10 are what?
0 to 10
What are the 6 phases Baumgartner developed regarding the incorporation of an HIV/AIDS diagnosis?
1. Diagnosis; 2. Post-diagnosis turning point; 3. Immersion; 4. Post-immersion turning point; 5. Integration; 6. Disclosure
What theorists assert that individuals in positions of lower power and status are better at reading/perceiving members of higher status groups than are those from higher status groups at reading people from lower status groups?
Social-Role
theorists
An individual taking clozapine begins exhibiting symptoms of muscle rigidity, tachycardia, hyperthermia, altered consciousness, and autonomic dysfunction. In this case, what would be the best course of action?
Stop the drug immediately and administer electrolytes and fluids
Flashbulb memories are vivid memories of emotionally-arousing events. Flashbulb memories are considered part of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ memory.
Episodic
Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) indicated the highest prevalence of alcohol abuse was among what ethnic group?
Whites
An intervention targeting Bronfenbrenner's \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ will focus on family members and/or classmates.
Microsystem
Most studies on child sexual abuse have not found this to be associated with more severe outcomes.
Male gender, while worse outcomes are associated with abuse by a family member, onset of abuse at an earlier age, and abuse by a much older perpetrator
________ interdependence occurs when a
network of two-way relationships tie a collection
of people together; ________ interdependence
occurs when individuals have a shared source of
resources but little else in common; ________
involves a series or chain of one-way interactions
in which individuals rely on those who precede
them in the chain; ________ is the most complex
form as everyone involved is reciprocally
interdependent on one another.
Reciprocal;
pooled;
sequential;
comprehensive
What are the primary associated features of the Somatoform Disorders?
Anxiety
and
depression
Individual's with Tourette's Disorder frequently suffer from a learning disorder in school, most likely caused by what?
Attentional and
hyperactivity
problems
A significant finding for a one-way ANOVA indicates that the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ means were different.
Population
(statistical tests
make inferences
about a population)
What is problem
adolescent drug
use most
associated with?
Alienation,
impulsivity, and
subjective
distress
TRUE or FALSE: Older adults respond similarly to therapy as younger adults, although older adults tend to respond quicker.
FALSE: Older adults do respond similarly, though slower, than younger adults
According to Social Judgment Theory, persuasion is made more difficult when the new information is a/an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ issue.
Ego-involved
A therapist who typically conceptualizes cases
from a psychodynamic theoretical framework and
uses related techniques decides to use an empty
chair technique in a therapy session is using
a/an ________ approach; ________ is the term
used to describe the approach where a therapist
chooses interventions based on what works
without considering a theoretical basis for using
the technique.
Assimilative
integration;
technical
eclecticism
What is the best systematic method for tracking the progression of Alzheimer's Disease?
Regularly administered measures of cognitive functioning
Which of the Big
Five personality
traits is least
stable over time?
Neuroticism
(extraversion
appears to be
most stable)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ demonstrated that emotion is not a function of any specific brain center but of a circuit that involves four basic structures.
James
Papez
Increasing
internal validity
is best achieved
by what?
Random
assignment,
known as the
“great equalizer”
Medications used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's Disease block the effects of what?
Acetylcholine
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is used to evaluate predictive relationships between measured variables and latent factors.
Structural
equation
modeling
According to Bass, transformational leadership
contains four interrelated components: ________
is characterized by high moral and ethical
standards, ________ provides followers with
meaning and challenges for engaging in
undertakings and shared goals, ________ helps
followers to question assumptions and to
generate more creative solutions to problems,
and ________ treats each follower as an
individual and provides coaching, mentoring and
growth opportunities.
Idealized influence; inspirational motivation; intellectual stimulation; individual consideration
An organization decides to implement changes based on a job characteristics assessment. What is least likely to be affected?
Work quality (research indicates there would be improvements in satisfaction, absenteeism, turnover, and motivation)
Jane is reluctant to give poor ratings to her subordinates for fear of ruffling feathers. Consequently, she tends to be unusually easy in her ratings. Jane is committing what type of error?
Central
tendency
bias
Psychoanalytic theory and ethology (the study of animals in their natural habitat) both emphasize what?
Critical
periods
A researcher employs multiple methods of measurement in an attempt to increase reliability by reducing systematic error, a strategy referred to as what?
Triangulation
An adult woman comes to an outpatient clinic. She is foreign-born and has almost no skills in English. She appears depressed. If one were to attempt a standardized assessment of her level of cognitive functioning, the best test would be what?
Ravens Progressive Matrices, which is completely non-dependent on language
A student seeks counseling at the university counseling center due to feelings of failure as a student. When asked about his grades, he states that his grade point average is 3.9 but thinks that he should be doing better. He is most likely using what cognitive distortion?
Arbitrary inference, which occurs when one draws a specific conclusion without supporting evidence, or even in the face of contradictory evidence
Organizational psychologists would most likely use what when talking to business leaders about implementing the use of psychological tests in selecting employees?
Utility analysis (to compare how much money the company currently makes without using the psychological tests and how much money the company would be expected to make if a testing program were implemented)
What part of the brain is compromised in Parkinson's Disease?
Substantia nigra, which is a group of neurons that is part of the extrapyramidal motor system
The Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA) is a person-environment fit theory of career development that indicates employment tenure is tied to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Satisfaction;
satisfactoriness
A spinal cord
injury is most
often diagnosed
using what?
MRI or CT
and X-ray
When an individual imagines movement or engaging in a motor activity, which part of the brain is most likely to be active?
Parietal
lobe
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ inhibition occurs when new learning interferes with previous learning, while \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ inhibition occurs when previous learning interferes with new learning.
Retroactive;
proactive
If an individual consistently neglects the left side of his body he likely has damage to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lobe of his \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ hemisphere.
Parietal;
right
This occurs when members of one group obtain lower scores on a selection test than members of another group, but the difference in scores is not reflected in their scores on measures of job performance, leading to test unfairness.
Differential
prediction
A company wants its clerical employees to be very efficient, accurate and fast. Examinees are given a perceptual speed test on which they indicate whether two names are exactly identical or slightly different. The reliability of the test would be best assessed by what?
Test-retest or
alternate-forms
Who is associated with the shift in perspective from "time from birth" to "time to death?"
Neugarten, who found midlife to be characterized by this shift in perspective
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ tries to overcome halo, leniency, and similar rater biases by arranging, in a non-hierarchal manner, items that describe performance as either good, average, or poor and then the rater rates whether the individual performs better, equal to, or worse than the behavior described in the item.
Mixed
standard
scale
As a management consultant for a corporation, a
psychologist devises a way for employees
working in groups to complete their work. The
psychologist divides the employees into two
teams. Each team has to complete a set of
tasks, and all group members are free to work on
any or all of the tasks. If all tasks are completed,
each team member receives a bonus. If even
one of the tasks is not completed, nobody
receives a bonus. This is an example of what
type of task?
Additive
The best technique for evaluating an intervention intended to increase the time a student with ADHD stays academically on-task would be what?
Interval
recording
What is designed most explicitly to assist an investigator in deciding how much confidence to put in a particular finding based on data?
Inferential
statistics
The ability of a test item to discriminate between members of different ability groups is best indicated by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of its item characteristic curve.
Slope
What 3 factors
are involved in
hypnosis?
- Dissociation;
- Absorption;
- Suggestibility
If data points are widely scattered around a regression line, it would indicate what?
A low
correlation
coefficient
Exposure to a previously conditioned stimulus in the absence of a real aversive stimulus describes what?
Flooding
You belong to a managed-care panel and a client with a 12-session limit was referred to you. Without calling to cancel, she does not show up for her fourth session. How would you bill for the missed session?
Bill the client
according to
office policies
What is used to assess the impact of disease on physical and emotional functioning?
The Sickness
Impact Profile
According to Prochaska and DiClemente's Stages of Change Model, what stage best applies to a man who is aware of his drinking problem, recognizes the benefits of getting sober, and plans to quit drinking on his birthday in three months?
Contemplation
Jon scored 75 on his final exam. The test scores were normally distributed with a mean of 60 and a standard deviation of 15. Jon's score would be in what percentile range?
Jon's standard score equals (75-60)/15, or 1.0, putting his score at the 84th percentile; in a normal distribution, 1.0 is 34 percentile points above the mean of 50
Orientation is
most frequently
measured by
what scale?
Galveston
Orientation and
Amnesia Test
Aggressive thoughts result in aggressive behavior, which in turn has the effect of causing others to have aggressive thoughts. This is an example of what?
Reciprocal
determinism
Which of Glick and Fiske's theories start from the premise that the relations between the genders are characterized by the coexistence of power differences and intimate interdependence?
Ambivalent Sexism Theory, which describes two complementary, cross-culturally prevalent ideologies called hostile and benevolent sexism, both of which predict gender inequality
What factors are considered most important for competent multicultural counseling?
Awareness,
skills, and
knowledge
(ASK)
What causes Marfan's syndrome (affects connective tissue) and Von Willedbrand's disease (blood clotting defects)?
An autosomal
dominant
gene
What non-stimulant medication alleviates inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms in ADHD?
Atomoxetine (Strattera),
which is a selective
norepinephrine reuptake
inhibitor (SNRI)
What section of the 2002 Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct discusses the intent, organization, procedural consideration, and scope of application of the Ethics Code
The
introduction
Research by Foa et al. (1999) found what treatment to be most effective for post-traumatic stress disorder?
Prolonged
exposure
(without other
interventions)
Externalizing conversations is a technique associated with what therapeutic approach?
Narrative
therapy
Frank has changed his college major three times, though believes he has finally found the right major after thoroughly reviewing his skills and interests. What stage of identity crisis, according to Marcia, is Frank in?
Achievement, as he has surmounted the crisis and made a commitment
Why is rotation
used in factor
analysis?
To get an easier
pattern of factor
loadings to
interpret
What does the use of the technique known as self-instruction with hyperactive children involve?
Having children
make
self-statements
For what population would it be least appropriate to give the performance subtests only of the WISC-IV as a measure of general intelligence?
Suburban middle-class children, as within this population, performance IQ scores have been found to underestimate general intelligence
The tendency to be easily provoked by others, to have difficulty controlling impulses, and to react aggressively when interacting with others is referred to as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Reactive
aggression
Low LPC leaders, according to contingency theory of leadership, are most effective when relationships with subordinates are what?
Either very
good or
very poor
Equity Theory
focuses on
________
justice.
Distributive (the
perceived
fairness of
outcomes)
Research utilizing functional brain imaging techniques has shown a biological basis for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and has linked it to abnormalities in what brain structures?
Frontal lobe,
striatum, and
cerebellum
When trying to prove causation, a researcher mismatches levels of data and tries to apply statistics at one level to infer to data of another level. What is this is referred to as?
Ecological
fallacy
The extinction of responding to one cue results in an increase in responding to the other is a phenomenon known as what?
Cue
deflation
A person taking a benzodiazepine experiences symptoms including hallucinations, nightmares, and rage reactions. These symptoms are most suggestive of what?
Rebound
anxiety
If you are interested in determining whether the relationship between arousal and performance assumes a linear or a non-linear shape, the best statistical analysis to use would be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Trend
analysis
The parents of a child with Mental Retardation are most likely to say that, during infancy, one of the earliest signs that something "was wrong" was what?
The child’s lack
of interest in
the
environment
In the multitrait-multimethod matrix, a low heterotrait-monomethod coefficient would indicate what?
High
divergent
validity
Psychodrama seeks to examine and resolve difficult situations through guided dramatization and the release of creative forces inherent in the individual. The issue or problem to be explored in the psychodrama is chosen by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Protagonist
According to research on mothers who exhibit parental alienation syndrome and are going through a custody evaluation, the pattern of scores on the MMPI-2 would most likely be what?
Low F scale
score and
elevated L and
K scale scores
TRUE or FALSE: In a court-ordered evaluation, the evaluator does not need to obtain informed consent but must inform the evaluatee of the intended use of the evaluation.
TRUE: When an evaluation is court-ordered, the evaluator is only responsible for informing the evaluatee of the intended use of the data
What occurs when a conditioned stimulus is presented simultaneously with a second stimulus just before the unconditioned stimulus?
Blocking, which means the second stimulus (unconditioned stimulus) does not produce the conditioned response
What is the primary purpose of feedback in the context of organizational development?
To help clients understand the diagnostic information that has been collected
The exam score and the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are necessary to calculate the 68% confidence interval for an examinee's obtained test score.
Standard
error of the
measurement
During a board meeting, Dave's co-worker presented and took sole credit for ideas and work that Dave had done. Dave initially felt furious but forced himself to calm down and control his reaction, despite still being very upset, so as not to appear unprofessional in front of the board members. According to Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), Dave was in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ phase.
Resistance (the
other two phases
are alarm and
exhaustion)
What does a
negative item
discrimination
(D) indicate?
The more low-achieving examinees answered the item correctly than high-achieving examinees (the test was to easy)
What ethnic group has the highest proportion of reported incidents of child abuse?
Native
American
A psychologist has been treating a child in play therapy for several months and is asked to testify in a court case involving custody of the child. What should the psychologist do?
Decline to
testify, as it is in
the child’s best
interest
In addition to the Vocabulary subtest, what Wechsler subtests are least susceptible to brain damage and, therefore, useful for assessing premorbid intelligence?
Information
and Picture
Completion
The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a tool for predicting and understanding an individual's health-related decision making. The results from which of the 4 dimensions provide the most information?
Perceived
barriers
Helping individuals not ready to give up substances lead safer lives is the main principle behind what approach?
The Harm Reduction approach, which advocates for meeting substance users at their level in terms of their needs and goals of treatment
What is the tendency to make dispositional attributions to an entire group of people referred to as?
Ultimate
attribution
error
A seizure that begins with uncontrollable twitching of a small part of the body and gradually spreads throughout one side or the entire body is referred to as what?
Partial
What neurotransmitter is associated with cognitive abilities which are correlated with alcohol use, particularly learning and memory?
Glutamate
Morgan developed the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ model to help explain the relationship between personality mood states and athletic success.
Mental health (MHM), which proposes that an inverse relationship exists between psychopathology and sport performance
TRUE or FALSE:
SSRIs may initially
worsen sleep and
anxiety symptoms.
TRUE: Despite the potential for sleep and anxiety issues, SSRI medications are safer than tricyclics
In determining the reliability of a test with dichotomously scored questions, what might you use?
Kuder-Richardson
reliability
coefficient
A man is able to achieve erections during sleep, but, has difficulty achieving or maintaining erections during sexual activities. What would be the most appropriate diagnosis?
Male Erectile Disorder, which is characterized by a persistent or recurrent inability to attain or maintain an erection until completion of sexual activity
Eagly et al.'s (2003) meta-analysis of transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles comparing women and men found \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ leaders engaged in more of the contingent reward behaviors than \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ leaders; further, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ tended to be more transformational.
Female;
male;
female
Which of the "Big Five" personality variables is significantly correlated with job performance across the widest variety of occupations?
Conscientiousness
The symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder can be alleviated through cognitive-behavioral treatments and medication interventions that reduce activity in what brain structure?
Caudate
nucleus
TRUE or FALSE: It is ethical for a psychologist to routinely waive co-payments for all of her low income patients.
FALSE: This is unethical as it is insurance fraud; it would be ethical if the insurance company was aware of this set-up
A condition produced by the treatment for that condition is referred to as what?
Iatrogenic
What is particularly useful for screening for Dementia in elderly adults?
The Mini
Mental Status
Exam (MMSE)
Raising the cutoff score on a predictor test would have what effect?
Decrease
false
positives
What are the
three phases of
prenatal
development?
Germinal,
embryonic, and
fetal (foetal)
What is used to evaluate student performance in light of the current curriculum and identify possible modifications in instructional style?
Curriculum-based
assessment
What term would best describe a patient who praises her therapist in one session then is highly critical in the next?
Splitting
A child who can understand that A is greater than B and B is greater than C, and then understand that as a result, A is greater than C, demonstrates the capacity for what?
Inductive reasoning, or reasoning from a particular fact to a general rule
What percent of individuals diagnosed with Panic Disorder also have Agoraphobia in community samples according to the DSM-IV-TR?
33 to 50%
1/3 to 1/2
What would be administered in order to determine if an examinee is likely to do well on a job sample?
A
trainability
test
Despite his many accomplishments and positive feedback from his supervisor, a client believes his work performance is below average because he feels like a failure. This is an example of what, as described by Beck?
Emotional reasoning (negative feelings lead to a belief that there must be a negative external situation)
Feature integration theory proposes that the perception of an object as an entity rather than as a cluster of unrelated features depends on what?
Focused
attention
According to Anne Cleary's model of test fairness, when would a job selection test be considered unfair?
When the slope of the test's regression line is different for one subgroup (e.g., Hispanics) than for another (e.g., Whites)
What is a loss of memory for autobiographical information referred to as?
Functional amnesia, which is caused by psychological as opposed to structural trauma
According to the catecholamine hypothesis, what causes depression?
A deficiency in
norepinephrine
What would be used to determine the level of agreement of two raters on a test?
Kappa coefficient, which is the most common way to estimate inter-scorer reliability
What component of managed health care refers to the idea that it is useful to review benefits to eliminate or reduce unnecessary health care resources?
Utilization
review
What are the two dimensions of leadership as defined by the Ohio State University studies in the 1950s?
Consideration (i.e., employee orientation, relations-oriented, and concern for people) and initiating structure (i.e., task-orientation and concern for production)
What "Big Five" personality traits are most associated with Antisocial Personality Disorder?
High on neuroticism, low on agreeableness, and low on conscientiousness
According to Bandura's social learning theory, what does "functional value" refer to?
Anticipated
consequences
TRUE or FALSE: The rate of Major Depressive Disorder for adolescent and adult females is twice that of adolescent and adult males.
TRUE: Adolescent and adult females experience Major Depression twice as often as their male counterparts, though rates for prepubescent boys and girls are equal
By what age are signs of the personality characteristic of social inhibition usually present?
As early as
2 to 4
months old
The emergence of symptoms in females who seemed to be doing well at the time of their parents divorce a number of years earlier is referred to as what?
The sleeper
effect, which is
most true for
girls
According to Beck, suicidal people are characterized by a high degree of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ coupled with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Hopelessness;
problem-solving
skills
What cause of test unfairness occurs when members of one group obtain lower scores on a selection test than members of another group, but the difference in scores is not reflected in their scores on measures of job performance?
Differential
prediction
Huntington's Disease is most associated with decreased amounts of what neurotransmitter?
GABA, which regulates the levels of dopamine in the brain through an inhibitory process
Complex partial seizures originate in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ while absence seizures originate in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Temporal
lobe;
thalamus
Damage to the
medial temporal
region of the brain
will affect what?
Organic
amnesia
(retrograde and
anterograde)
What are the
four main stages
of neural
development?
Proliferation,
migration,
differentiation,
and myelination
In a principal components analysis, the amount of variability in a group of variables accounted for by an independent statistical component is called what?
An
eigenvalue
What is the male to
female ratio of
Alcohol Abuse and
Dependence?
5 to 1
In a normal distribution of scores, the range of raw scores represented by the percentile rank range of 50 to 55 is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the range of raw scores represented by the percentile rank range of 90 to 95.
Less
than
A child should be able to put two-word phrases together by, at latest, what age?
30
months
A primary
reinforcer is the
same as what?
Unconditioned reinforcer
(they both acquire their
reinforcing value without
special training)
Following a closed head injury that causes a significant concussion, a patient would most likely display what symptoms?
Shifting attention and forgetfulness (among other symptoms, these are the most likely to be displayed)
You are seeing a family consisting of a mother, a father, and a daughter in therapy. Every time the mother says something, the father and the daughter argue with whatever she says. The behavior of the father and the daughter can be best described by what term?
Coalition, defined as an alliance of two family members against a third
According to Kohlberg's cognitive-developmental theory of gender concept development, based on Piaget, what is established by age 6?
Gender
constancy,
identity and
stability
What would be used to determine how well an examinee did on a test in terms of a specific standard of performance?
Criterion-referenced
interpretation
("standard of
performance" =
external criterion)What are the 2
phases
involved in
overcorrection?
1. Restitution (person performs corrective behavior); 2. Physical guidance (person who does not comply is physically guided through desired behavior)
According to Ellen Berscheid's Emotion-in-Relationships Model, partners in long-term relationships are most likely to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ their emotional investment in the relationship when things are running smoothly.
Underestimate
Although just noticeable differences (or difference thresholds) are considered to represent psychologically \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ units, their corresponding physical differences are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Equal;
unequal
Following a stroke, a patient exhibits right hemiplegia. Other symptoms are likely to include what?
Speech-language
deficits and
slow-cautious
behavior style
According to Patterson's coercive family interactive model, where do children learn aggressive behavior?
Children initially learn aggressive behavior from their parents who model aggression through their use of harsh discipline and ignore or reinforce their child's aggressiveness
Generally, performance \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in the presence of others if the desired behavior is not well-learned.
Decreases,
according to the
model of social
facilitation
What are conducted by organizations such as HMOs or independent overseers to review the quality of services provided?
Quality
assurance
review
What is the probability of a parent with Huntington's Chorea passing the disorder on to an offspring?
50% for both male and female offspring, as it is a dominant, autosomal disorder
What medication would
be most effective in the
treatment of premature
ejaculation?
SSRI, as one of
the side-effects
is delayed
ejaculation
Consuming foods containing tyramine while taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) would most likely result in what?
Hypertension, headache, diaphoresis (perspiration), or heart palpitations
Alloy, Abramson, and Metalsky have revised the learned helplessness model of depression and de-emphasized the role of what?
Attributions, theorizing that they are only important when they contribute to feelings of hopelessness
Positive and negative life events are likely to have what type of effects on a person's sense of satisfaction and well-being?
Short-term
but not
long-term
What have studies on the effectiveness of training for improving the cognitive skills of older people who have already experienced normal age-related declines found?
That training can improve verbal and nonverbal skills to levels comparable to pre-decline levels
A person stops and asks a parking
attendant for directions after getting lost
while driving to an appointment. The
attendant states, “Make a left at the first
red light. Go four blocks until you reach a
stop sign and turn right onto Main Street.
About three blocks down Main, look for a
large red sign at the entrance to the
parking lot.” What type of memory is
needed to hold such information?
Working
memory
A test with limited
ceiling would have
a ________
distribution shape.
Negatively skewed, as a test with limited ceiling has an inadequate number of difficult items (too easy), which would result in fewer low scores and skew the distribution
Learning disabilities are defined by discrepancies between what?
Achievement
and aptitude
A patient displays apraxia, tactile agnosia, difficulties with movement, and confusion between the left and the right side of the body. Which lobe of the person's cerebral cortex is most likely damaged?
Parietal
The best initial strategy for teaching complex motor skills that require speed and accuracy to be successfully performed is to emphasize \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ over \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Speed;
accuracy
When are threats of retaliation for aggressive behavior most likely to deter aggression?
When the retaliator has high status or power; threats are more likely to increase aggression if the retaliator has previously provoked the person
An accident victim has been partially stabilized in a hospital emergency room and is being transferred to an intensive care unit for continued assessment and treatment. At this point, what is commonly used to evaluate for brain injuries?
Glascow
Coma
Scale
What is the most
common diagnosis
for inpatients in the
18-44 age range?
Schizophrenia
A pianist comes to your office for therapy after
having sustained a head injury in a recent car
accident. He has lost sensation in the fingers of
his left hand and feels he “must be going crazy”
because this is such a strange occurrence.
Before you pull out the DSM-IV, you refer him to
a neurologist because you suspect the head
injury may have caused damage to what brain
structure?
Postcentral gyrus, as loss of sensation due to brain injury is likely to involve the somatosensory cortex, which is located on the postcentral gyrus in the parietal lobe
You receive a letter from the current therapist of
a former client. The therapist wants you to
forward a copy of the client’s records, and she
encloses a signed release from the client. The
client still owes you for ten therapy sessions, and
you notify the client that you will not release the
records until a satisfactory payment arrangement
has been made. According to the Ethics Code, is
this acceptable?
Only if the client’s
records are not
“imminently
needed”
Starvation in Anorexia is believed to be precipitated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ levels of serotonin.
High
A therapist is most likely to exert which type of power over a client?
Referent, which is based on a person's attraction to or desire to be liked the holder of power
For children with Enuresis (Not Due to a General Medical Condition), what is the most likely co-diagnosis?
Sleepwalking or
Sleep Terror
Disorder
There is some evidence that hearing impairment in infancy (e.g., due to ear infections) may lead to some degree of persisting impairment in verbal skills and academic achievement even when the hearing deficit has been alleviated. This finding supports the notion of what?
Sensitive
periods
A family therapist who uses anecdotes from her own family to emphasize similarities with the client family is doing what?
Joining, a technique used by structural family therapists, involves taking steps to become a family insider by, among other things, assuming the same type of communication style, sharing personal stories, etc
Walking through a dark park at night, you hear footsteps behind you. You think it may be a mugger so your breathing deepens and heart beats faster, at the same time you experience fear. This is an example of what theory?
Lazarus' theory, which proposes that a thought must precede any emotion or physiological arousal
What type of
seizures are also
known as temporal
lobe epilepsy?
Complex
partial
seizures
Behavioral approaches
dealing with Autistic
children would primarily
employ what approach?
Shaping, also know as the method of successive approximations
Compared to traditional
neuroleptics, risperidone
has a ________ risk of
________.
Lower; tardive dyskinesia (NOTE: risperidone is the most prescribed antipsychotic)
Research on constructive memory has linked false recollection to lesions in what brain structure?
The frontal
lobe
Illnesses, such as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, which have an unknown cause are said to be what?
Idiopathic, which
translates to
“unknown
cause”
To reduce their liability risk, managed care organizations are most likely to do what?
Insure their
providers are
credentialed
As a treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, in vivo exposure is most effective when exposure is combined with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Response prevention (NOTE: exposure should be massed rather than distributed)
What is the most
common type of
work-family
conflict?
Time-based, which occurs when role pressures stemming from the two different domains compete for the individual's time
What antidepressant is associated with the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), enuresis, and decreasing the desire to binge and purge?
Imipramine
tricyclic
A child in Piaget's \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ stage of moral development is most likely to agree that game rules can be changed if everyone who is playing the game agrees.
Autonomous
Client-therapist
matching of
ethnicity is a good
predictor of what?
Treatment
length
What has research investigating the relationship between sexual abuse in childhood and the development of Bulimia Nervosa in adulthood has found?
A higher rate of bulimia for children who were sexually abused (regardless of sex)
A college graduate is hired by a small firm and is
promised bonuses and promotions based on his
work performance. After working at the firm for
two years, he has not received a bonus, raise, or
promotion, despite the fact that he has regularly
worked overtime and is generally recognized to
be one of the firm’s best workers by the other
employees. From the perspective of expectancy
theory, what would be lowered?
Instrumentality (the degree to which performance leads to certain desired outcomes)
During preadolescence, what is most likely manifested as chest pain, tachycardia, shortness of breath, and refusal to go to school?
Panic
Disorder
TRUE or FALSE: Children with Learning Disorders have higher rates of some disorders and, as adults, continue to exhibit more problems than members of the general population
TRUE: A child diagnosed with a Learning Disorder is more likely to experience difficulties later in life
During the acute phase, hypoglycemia is most likely to be misdiagnosed as what?
Panic
Disorder
Generalized tonic-clonic seizures are associated with what?
Grand mal
epilepsy
The primary difference between Alzheimer's Disease and Korsakoff's Syndrome is that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ involves both memory loss and other cognitive impairments, while \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ involves memory loss without the other cognitive impairments.
Alzheimer’s
Disease;
Korakoff’s
Syndrome
According to Craik and Lockhart's Levels of Processing Theory, what might a person do to maximize recall of a list of words?
Elaborative
rehearsal (e.g.,
make up a rhyme
using the words)
Anosognosia is
most often due to
damage to what
part of the brain?
Right parietal lobe (contains the somatosensory cortex which is normally responsible for integrating somatosensory information with visual and other sensory information)
For a diagnosis of Bulimia Nervosa, a person must have a history of binge eating and what else?
Inappropriate
compensatory
behavior for at
least three months
A 12-year-old child has been exhibiting several motor tics and a vocal tic many times each day for the past 6 months. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Transient Tic
Disorder (more
than 4 weeks, less
than 12 months)
According to Atkinson, Sue, and Sue, what is the ideal outcome of racial/cultural identity development?
Integrative awareness (stage), which involves recognizing that all cultures have acceptable and unacceptable aspects
What condition is characterized by anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia that involves a temporal gradient in which remote events are recalled better than recent events?
Korsakoff’s
Syndrome
What did the results of the Robber's Cave experiment (Sherif et al., 1961) indicate?
Superordinate
goals reduce
hostility between
groups
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ design is used to evaluate the effects of pretesting.
Solomon
four-group
Presbyopia, a common result of normal aging, is most likely to increase the near point from four inches at 20 years of age to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ at 60 years of age.
48
inches
According to Relapse Prevention Therapy (Marlatt and Gordon), what factors most increase the chance of relapse in a
Negative affects,
interpersonal
conflict, and
social pressure
