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EPPP > Developmental > Flashcards

Developmental Flashcards

1
Q

Bronfenbrenner

A 
Little Messes Exist All the Time:
micro
meso
exo
macro
chrono
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2
Q

Genotype

A

genetic makeup

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3
Q

Phenotype

A

observable characteristics

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4
Q

Language Development

A 
cry
coo
babble - 6-10
comprehension - 9-10
echolalia - 9-10
holophrasic - one word sentences (12-18)
telegraphic - 2 words (18-24)

15m - 10 words
18m - 50 words
24m - 200 words
2.5 - 3 yrs rapid vocab

6m - babble restricted

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5
Q

Nativist View of Language Development

A

Chomsky

innate language acquisition device (LAD)

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6
Q

Nurturist View of Language Development

A

imitation and reinforcement

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7
Q

Interactionist View of Language Development

A

inborn mechanism influenced by biological and cognitive maturation and environment

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8
Q

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

A

language influences how we think; speakers of different languages think differently

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9
Q

Piaget Cognitive Development

A 
ideographic approach
epigenesis - must master previous stage first;
constructivism - develop new knowledge based on foundation of previous learning and interacting with environment;
peers more important than parents;
4 Stages:
1. Sensorimotor
2. Preoperational
3. Concrete Operational
4. Formal Operations
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10
Q

Sensorimotor

A 
B-2
Object Permanence;
Mental Images;
Separation and Stranger Anxiety;
Symbolic Representation at end (language)
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11
Q

Preoperational

A

2-7
Intuitive Thinking;
Egocentrism - can’t take perspective of others;
Phenomenalistic Causality - magical thinking about temporal events causing one another;
Animism;
Irreversibility - can’t mentally undo
Centration - focus on 1 aspect of a problem at at time (mom or sis but not both; length not amount)

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12
Q

Concrete Operational

A

7-11
egocentric thought replaced with operational thought:
logical, serialize, order using more than 1 dimension, reason and follow rules and regulations;
Conservation - reversibility and decentration

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13
Q

Formal Operational

A 
11+
abstract concepts;
hypothetical thinking;
deductive reasoning;
Metacognition
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14
Q

Vygotsky’s Social Development Theory of Conition

A

cognitive development results from social interaction;
adults more influential than peers; no stages;
Zone of Proximal Development;
Scaffolding and Reciprocal Teaching

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15
Q

Information Processing

A

quantitative changes that occur smoothly, continuously and gradually over the life span

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16
Q

Moral Development

A

Piaget, Kohlber, Gilligan

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17
Q

Piaget’s Theory of Moral Development

A

linked to cognitive development and perspective taking
2 Stages:
1. Heteronomous Morality (5-10) - morality of constraint; rigid thinking, rules made up by authority, can’t be changed, must be followed w/out ?, offense deserves punishment (unless they offend)
2. Autonomous Morality (10) - morality of cooperation; flexibility, consider intent, rules are flexible, agreed upon by others, can be changed

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18
Q

Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning

A

linked to cognitive development; studied males only; lacks culture

3 Stages:

  1. Preconventional Morality (4-10) Punishment-Obedience, Instrumental Hedonism
  2. Conventional Morality (10+) Good Boy/Good Girl, Law and Order
  3. Postconventioanl Morality (13 - never) Morality of Contract, Individual Rights, and Democratically Accepted Laws, Morality of Individual Principles of Conscience
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19
Q

Preconventional Morality

A

(4-10) - comply with rules to avoid punishment and get rewards; self-centered

  1. Punishment- Obedience
  2. Instrumental Hedonism
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20
Q

Conventional Morality

A

(10+) - approval from others; other-centered

  1. Good Boy/Good Girl - gain approval through obedience
  2. Law and Order - doing one’s duty and maintaining social order
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21
Q

Postconventioanl Morality

A

(13 - Never) - recognize conflict b/w moral and social standards; decided based on right, fair, or just

  1. Morality of Contract, Individual Rights, and Democratically Accepted Laws - valuing the will of the majority and the welfare of society
  2. Morality of Individual Principles of Conscience - what they believe is right regardless of legal restrictions or others’ opinions
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22
Q

Carol Gilligan Moral Development

A

2 Approaches

  1. Justice Perspective - fairness (males)
  2. Caring Perspective - conflict b/w their needs and those of others; think a/b responsibilities to others (females)

3 Levels for Women

  1. Orientation of Individual Survivor - best for me
  2. Goodness as Self-Sacrifice - best for others (what others think of her is important)
  3. Morality of Nonviolence - moral equality, nobody gets hurt
23
Q

Freud Stages

A 
Oral (B-1)
Anal (1-3)
Phallic (3-6)
Latency (6-12)
Genital (12-18)
24
Q

Erikson Stages

A

Trust vs. Mistrust (Hope) (B-1)
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Will) (1-3)
Initiative vs. Guilt (Purpose) (3-6)
Industry vs. Inferiority (Competence) (6-12)
Identify vs. Role Confusion (Fidelity) (12-18)
Intimacy vs. Isolation (Love) (18-35)
Generativity vs. Stagnation (Care) (35-60)
Integrity vs. Despair (Wisdom) (65+)

25
Q

Freud/Erikson B-1

A

Oral
Trust vs. Mistrust
Hope

26
Q

Freud/Erikson 1-3

A

Anal
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Will

27
Q

Freud/Erikson 3-5/6

A

Phallic
Initiative vs. Guilt
Purpose

28
Q

Freud/Erikson 5/6-12

A

Latency
Industry vs. Inferiority
Competence

29
Q

Freud/Erikson 12-18

A

Genital
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Fidelity

30
Q

Erikson 18-35

A

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Love

31
Q

Erikson 35-60

A

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Care

32
Q

Erikson 60+

A

Integrity vs. Despair

Wisdom

33
Q

Margaret Mahler

A

6 Stages

  1. Normal Infantile Autism
  2. Symbiosis
  3. Differentiation - stranger anxiety
  4. Practicing - separation anxiety
  5. Rapprochement
  6. Object Constancy
34
Q

Levinson

A
  1. Early Adult Transition
  2. Entering the Adult World
  3. Age 30 Transition
  4. Settling Down
  5. Mid-Life Transition - switch from time since birth to time left to live
  6. Middle Adulthood
  7. Age 50 Transition
  8. Late Adulthood
35
Q

Attachment

A

Lorenz
Harlow
Bowlby
Ainsworth

36
Q

Conrad Lorenz

A

instinctual

Ducks imprinting b/w 12-17 hours

37
Q

Harry Harlow

A

Monkeys

contact comfort

38
Q

John Bowlby

A

attachment is darwinian to ensure survival of young

Maternal Deprivation:
Protest, Despair, Detachment

39
Q

Mary Ainsworth

A

Strange Situation

  1. Secure
  2. Avoidant
  3. Ambivalent/Resistant
  4. Disorganized-Disoriented
40
Q

Secure Attachment

A

65%
sensitive and responsive caregiving;
seek closeness
moderate distress/enthusiasm

41
Q

Avoidant Attachment

A

20%
aloof and distant, or intrusive and overstimulated parenting;
does not seek closeness;
no distress/ignore

42
Q

Ambivalent (Resistant) Attachment

A

10%
inconsistent and insensitive parenting;
clingy and upset/happy but resist comfort; angry at mom

43
Q

Disorganized-Disoriented Attachment

A

no clear strategy to deal with mom. fear and confusion towards mom; unresponsive, avoid and resist, freeze and stop; least secure and associated with abuse

44
Q

Authoritarian

A

children are moody, irritable, disoriented, withdrawn, distrustful, and aggressive; more bx disorders;
conflicted-irritable type

45
Q

Permissive

A

value self-expression and self-regulation;
Indifferent - poor self-control, demanding, minimally compliant, poor interpersonal skills;
Indulgent - impulsive, immature, out of control (impulsive-aggressive)

46
Q

Authoritative

A

competent, confident, independent, cooperative, good socially (energetic-friendly-self-reliant)

47
Q

Social Play

A
  1. Solitary Play
  2. Parallel Play
  3. Associative Play
  4. Cooperative Play
48
Q

Cognitive Play

A
  1. Repetitive Play
  2. Constructive Play
  3. Imaginative Play
  4. Formal Games with Rules
49
Q

Patterson’s Coercion Model of Aggression

A
  1. observe coercive and antisocial bx in parents, coercive and aggressive bx are reinforced; escalating cycle; conduct problem result
  2. experiences academic failure and peer rejection
  3. depressed mood and more likely to join deviant peer group
50
Q

Rosenthal Effect

A

expectancy bias; self-fulfilling prophecy

51
Q

James Marcia Identity Formation

A
  1. Identity Achievement (resolved crisis and made commitment)
  2. Foreclosure (committed to goal w/out exploring alternative; no crisis)
  3. Moratorium (no commitment - exploring interests and needs and struggling with decisions; crisis w/out commitment)
  4. Identity Diffusion (no crisis or commitment; lacks direction, aimless drifter)
52
Q

Grieving

A
  1. Numbness
  2. Yearning
  3. Disorganization and Despair
  4. Resolution or Reorganization
53
Q

Kubler-Ross Stages

A
  1. Denial or Disbelief
  2. Anger
  3. Bargaining
  4. Depression
  5. Acceptance
54
Q

Temperament

A

Easy (40%)
Difficult (10%)
Slow-to-warm-up (15%)

EPPP (17 decks)

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