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Developmental Flashcards

1
Q

Bronfenbrenner

A 
Little Messes Exist All the Time:
micro
meso
exo
macro
chrono
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2
Q

Genotype

A

genetic makeup

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3
Q

Phenotype

A

observable characteristics

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4
Q

Language Development

A 
cry
coo
babble - 6-10
comprehension - 9-10
echolalia - 9-10
holophrasic - one word sentences (12-18)
telegraphic - 2 words (18-24)

15m - 10 words
18m - 50 words
24m - 200 words
2.5 - 3 yrs rapid vocab

6m - babble restricted

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5
Q

Nativist View of Language Development

A

Chomsky

innate language acquisition device (LAD)

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6
Q

Nurturist View of Language Development

A

imitation and reinforcement

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7
Q

Interactionist View of Language Development

A

inborn mechanism influenced by biological and cognitive maturation and environment

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8
Q

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

A

language influences how we think; speakers of different languages think differently

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9
Q

Piaget Cognitive Development

A 
ideographic approach
epigenesis - must master previous stage first;
constructivism - develop new knowledge based on foundation of previous learning and interacting with environment;
peers more important than parents;
4 Stages:
1. Sensorimotor
2. Preoperational
3. Concrete Operational
4. Formal Operations
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10
Q

Sensorimotor

A 
B-2
Object Permanence;
Mental Images;
Separation and Stranger Anxiety;
Symbolic Representation at end (language)
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11
Q

Preoperational

A

2-7
Intuitive Thinking;
Egocentrism - can’t take perspective of others;
Phenomenalistic Causality - magical thinking about temporal events causing one another;
Animism;
Irreversibility - can’t mentally undo
Centration - focus on 1 aspect of a problem at at time (mom or sis but not both; length not amount)

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12
Q

Concrete Operational

A

7-11
egocentric thought replaced with operational thought:
logical, serialize, order using more than 1 dimension, reason and follow rules and regulations;
Conservation - reversibility and decentration

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13
Q

Formal Operational

A 
11+
abstract concepts;
hypothetical thinking;
deductive reasoning;
Metacognition
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14
Q

Vygotsky’s Social Development Theory of Conition

A

cognitive development results from social interaction;
adults more influential than peers; no stages;
Zone of Proximal Development;
Scaffolding and Reciprocal Teaching

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15
Q

Information Processing

A

quantitative changes that occur smoothly, continuously and gradually over the life span

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16
Q

Moral Development

A

Piaget, Kohlber, Gilligan

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17
Q

Piaget’s Theory of Moral Development

A

linked to cognitive development and perspective taking
2 Stages:
1. Heteronomous Morality (5-10) - morality of constraint; rigid thinking, rules made up by authority, can’t be changed, must be followed w/out ?, offense deserves punishment (unless they offend)
2. Autonomous Morality (10) - morality of cooperation; flexibility, consider intent, rules are flexible, agreed upon by others, can be changed

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18
Q

Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning

A

linked to cognitive development; studied males only; lacks culture

3 Stages:

  1. Preconventional Morality (4-10) Punishment-Obedience, Instrumental Hedonism
  2. Conventional Morality (10+) Good Boy/Good Girl, Law and Order
  3. Postconventioanl Morality (13 - never) Morality of Contract, Individual Rights, and Democratically Accepted Laws, Morality of Individual Principles of Conscience
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19
Q

Preconventional Morality

A

(4-10) - comply with rules to avoid punishment and get rewards; self-centered

  1. Punishment- Obedience
  2. Instrumental Hedonism
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20
Q

Conventional Morality

A

(10+) - approval from others; other-centered

  1. Good Boy/Good Girl - gain approval through obedience
  2. Law and Order - doing one’s duty and maintaining social order
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21
Q

Postconventioanl Morality

A

(13 - Never) - recognize conflict b/w moral and social standards; decided based on right, fair, or just

  1. Morality of Contract, Individual Rights, and Democratically Accepted Laws - valuing the will of the majority and the welfare of society
  2. Morality of Individual Principles of Conscience - what they believe is right regardless of legal restrictions or others’ opinions
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22
Q

Carol Gilligan Moral Development

A

2 Approaches

  1. Justice Perspective - fairness (males)
  2. Caring Perspective - conflict b/w their needs and those of others; think a/b responsibilities to others (females)

3 Levels for Women

  1. Orientation of Individual Survivor - best for me
  2. Goodness as Self-Sacrifice - best for others (what others think of her is important)
  3. Morality of Nonviolence - moral equality, nobody gets hurt
23
Q

Freud Stages

A 
Oral (B-1)
Anal (1-3)
Phallic (3-6)
Latency (6-12)
Genital (12-18)
24
Q

Erikson Stages

A

Trust vs. Mistrust (Hope) (B-1)
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Will) (1-3)
Initiative vs. Guilt (Purpose) (3-6)
Industry vs. Inferiority (Competence) (6-12)
Identify vs. Role Confusion (Fidelity) (12-18)
Intimacy vs. Isolation (Love) (18-35)
Generativity vs. Stagnation (Care) (35-60)
Integrity vs. Despair (Wisdom) (65+)

25
Freud/Erikson B-1
Oral Trust vs. Mistrust Hope
26
Freud/Erikson 1-3
Anal Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Will
27
Freud/Erikson 3-5/6
Phallic Initiative vs. Guilt Purpose
28
Freud/Erikson 5/6-12
Latency Industry vs. Inferiority Competence
29
Freud/Erikson 12-18
Genital Identity vs. Role Confusion Fidelity
30
Erikson 18-35
Intimacy vs. Isolation | Love
31
Erikson 35-60
Generativity vs. Stagnation | Care
32
Erikson 60+
Integrity vs. Despair | Wisdom
33
Margaret Mahler
6 Stages 1. Normal Infantile Autism 2. Symbiosis 3. Differentiation - stranger anxiety 4. Practicing - separation anxiety 5. Rapprochement 6. Object Constancy
34
Levinson
1. Early Adult Transition 2. Entering the Adult World 3. Age 30 Transition 4. Settling Down 5. Mid-Life Transition - switch from time since birth to time left to live 6. Middle Adulthood 7. Age 50 Transition 8. Late Adulthood
35
Attachment
Lorenz Harlow Bowlby Ainsworth
36
Conrad Lorenz
instinctual | Ducks imprinting b/w 12-17 hours
37
Harry Harlow
Monkeys | contact comfort
38
John Bowlby
attachment is darwinian to ensure survival of young Maternal Deprivation: Protest, Despair, Detachment
39
Mary Ainsworth
Strange Situation 1. Secure 2. Avoidant 3. Ambivalent/Resistant 4. Disorganized-Disoriented
40
Secure Attachment
65% sensitive and responsive caregiving; seek closeness moderate distress/enthusiasm
41
Avoidant Attachment
20% aloof and distant, or intrusive and overstimulated parenting; does not seek closeness; no distress/ignore
42
Ambivalent (Resistant) Attachment
10% inconsistent and insensitive parenting; clingy and upset/happy but resist comfort; angry at mom
43
Disorganized-Disoriented Attachment
no clear strategy to deal with mom. fear and confusion towards mom; unresponsive, avoid and resist, freeze and stop; least secure and associated with abuse
44
Authoritarian
children are moody, irritable, disoriented, withdrawn, distrustful, and aggressive; more bx disorders; conflicted-irritable type
45
Permissive
value self-expression and self-regulation; Indifferent - poor self-control, demanding, minimally compliant, poor interpersonal skills; Indulgent - impulsive, immature, out of control (impulsive-aggressive)
46
Authoritative
competent, confident, independent, cooperative, good socially (energetic-friendly-self-reliant)
47
Social Play
1. Solitary Play 2. Parallel Play 3. Associative Play 4. Cooperative Play
48
Cognitive Play
1. Repetitive Play 2. Constructive Play 3. Imaginative Play 4. Formal Games with Rules
49
Patterson's Coercion Model of Aggression
1. observe coercive and antisocial bx in parents, coercive and aggressive bx are reinforced; escalating cycle; conduct problem result 2. experiences academic failure and peer rejection 3. depressed mood and more likely to join deviant peer group
50
Rosenthal Effect
expectancy bias; self-fulfilling prophecy
51
James Marcia Identity Formation
1. Identity Achievement (resolved crisis and made commitment) 2. Foreclosure (committed to goal w/out exploring alternative; no crisis) 3. Moratorium (no commitment - exploring interests and needs and struggling with decisions; crisis w/out commitment) 4. Identity Diffusion (no crisis or commitment; lacks direction, aimless drifter)
52
Grieving
1. Numbness 2. Yearning 3. Disorganization and Despair 4. Resolution or Reorganization
53
Kubler-Ross Stages
1. Denial or Disbelief 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance
54
Temperament
Easy (40%) Difficult (10%) Slow-to-warm-up (15%)

EPPP (17 decks)

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