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EPPP > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory Memory

A

Iconic memory 1/2 secs

Echoic Memory 4 secs

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2
Q

Selective Attention

A

need attention to pass into short-term memory

automatic or deliberate

automatic - stimuli that are novel or related to basic needs

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3
Q

Short-Term Memory

A

30 secs
7 +/- 2

Primary - passive holding tank

Working Memory - hold and manipulate

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4
Q

Long-Term Memory

A

not limited capacity or duration

Recent (Intermediate) Memory - lasts 2 weeks

Remote (Long-Term) Memory - 2 years+

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5
Q

REM Sleep and LTM

A

new info is reviewed, improved, systematically cataloged

dream deprivation can impair memory formation

info encoded better when alert

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6
Q

Retrieval

A

recognition easier than recall

Priming improve recognition

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7
Q

Priming

A

exposure to a stimulus that makes it easier to recognize the stimulus at a later point in time

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8
Q

Zeigarnik Effect

A

tendency to remember and work on incomplete tasks (brain continues to unconsciously work)

“it will come to me later”

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9
Q

Redintigration

A

occurs when something rapidly unlocks a chain of memories (a smell from childhood)

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10
Q

Landmark Events

A

important events (graduation, wedding) that serve as key markers for our memory. used as start point to go forward or backward to events around that time

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11
Q

Flashbulb Memory

A

distinct significant events (trauma). strong emotional reactions at encoding cause vivid detail remembered for a long time.

Most likely to remember immediately before and during event

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12
Q

Prospective Memory

A

remembering that one planned to do something at a particular time

problems - fail to remember the purpose of a cue; fail to remember what one planned to do

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13
Q

Hypnosis

A

more false memories than true ones.
reconstruct memories or fill in gaps.
person is confident in accuracy though

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14
Q

Accuracy of LTM

A

LTM relies on semantic features thus memories can be distorted; we make inferences; source is forgotten but content remains

beyond 30 secs more likely to recall similar meaning but not same wording, under 30 same wording

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15
Q

Repressed Memories

A

most people have trouble forgetting not with remembering

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16
Q

Declarative (Explicit) Memory

A

conscious recollection

Semantic and Episodic

17
Q

Semantic Memory

A

meaning of words and facts

18
Q

Episodic Memory

A

autobiographical events (when, where, what happened)

19
Q

Procedural (Implicit) Memory

A

Nondeclarative

recall skills, physical operations, procedures that are remembered automatically w/out conscious awareness

20
Q

Anterograde Amnesia

A

After event

21
Q

Retrograde Amnesia

A

Before event

22
Q

Posttraumatic Amnesia

A

events for short time after trauma

23
Q

Paramnesia

A

distortion of memory involving confabulation or errors made when reconstructing past

24
Q

Brain Regions

A

Frontal Lobe (problems with interference and short-term memory)

Temporal Cortex, Hippocampus, Thalamus, Mamillary Bodies, Basal Forebrain

25
Q

Retrieval Failure

A

info in LTM cannot be retrieved or recovered

tip-of-the-tongue

26
Q

Retroactive Interference

A

Recent/New learning interferes with prior

27
Q

Proactive Interference

A

Prior learning interferes with new

28
Q

Decay

A

memory deteriorates with time

29
Q

Mood-Congruent Memory

A

mood during encoding matches mood during retrieval

30
Q

State-Dependent Memory

A

high during encoding, high during retrieval

31
Q

Motivated Forgetting

A

Repression - unconscious active blocking of painful or disturbing memories

32
Q

Chunking

A

combining into meaningful units

33
Q

Recreation of Context

A

remember everything about a context to help with a particular fact

34
Q

Study Strategies

A

distributed practice over massed practice; rehearsed at regularly spaced intervals

35
Q

Mnemonics

A

method of loci
peg-word system
word associations
substitute word system

36
Q

Method of Loci

A

visual image of items on one’s list and putting each in a specific place as one mentally walks through a room

37
Q

Peg-Word System

A

memorizing a set of ten visual images that can be pegs on which to hang ideas; then associate each image with what is to be remembered

38
Q

Word Associations

A

form words or sentences with first letter of items, or make up stories that connect the items together;
Acronyms

39
Q

Substitute Word Technique

A

break word down into parts: Massachusetts = Mash and chew shits

EPPP (17 decks)

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