Study Guide 3: Introduction to Reaction Mechanisms

Question 1

π bonds are easily broken and make a __________, a _______, and a ___________

Answer 1

molecule
base
nucleophile

Question 2

It is an atom or group of atoms with characteristic chemical and physical properties – the reactive part of the molecule

Answer 2

Functional Group

Question 3

indicates how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare

Answer 3

energy diagram

Question 4

refers to the bond dissociation energy when measured under standard conditions

Answer 4

ΔH ̊

Question 5

hv

Answer 5

indicates light is needed

Question 6

Ea

Answer 6

activation energy

Question 7

gives us a clue to the general type of reaction a particular class of compound undergoes

Answer 7

Reactive Sites

Question 8

The energy required to break a bond via homolytic bond cleavage

Answer 8

Bond Dissociation Energy

Question 9

are easily broken and make a molecule, a base, and a nucleophile

Answer 9

π bonds

Question 10

indicates how readily a reaction proceeds

Answer 10

energy diagram

Question 11

energy needed to break bonds in the reactants

Answer 11

Activation Energy

Question 12

one replaces the other, for saturated compounds

Answer 12

Substitution

Question 13

What are the four types of organic reactions?

Answer 13

addition
rearrangement
elimination
substitution

Question 14

What are the three common types of functional groups?

Answer 14

Hydrocarbons (C-C and C-H)
Compounds containing C-Z σ bond (where Z – electronegative elements)
Compounds containing a C=O group

Question 15

Bond Dissociation Energy is energy required to break a bond via?

Answer 15

homolytic bond cleavage

Question 16

It will start with functional groups, looking for electron-rich and electron-deficient sites, and bonds that might be broken easily

Answer 16

Organic Reactions

Question 17

(-)ΔH ̊

Answer 17

exothermic reaction

Question 18

molecules undergo reorganization of its constituent parts

Answer 18

Rearrangement

Question 19

characteristics of compounds with multiple bonds

Answer 19

addition

Question 20

is the energy difference between reactants and products

Answer 20

ΔH ̊

Question 21

Low Ea

Answer 21

fast reaction

Question 22

Δ

Answer 22

indicates heat is added

Question 23

opposite of addition

Answer 23

Elimination

Question 24

It is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants are converted to products

Answer 24

Energy Diagram

Question 25

indicates how many steps are involved

Answer 25

energy diagram

Question 26

It is caused by the presence of heteroatoms having lone pairs and electron deficient sites on carbon

Answer 26

Reactivity

Question 27

What are the different common bonds?

Answer 27

bonds to H
C-C bonds
bonds to methyl
X-X bonds