Module 1: Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Organic chemistry is the study of compounds containing

Answer 1

Carbon

Question 2

Of the more than 37 million presently known chemical compounds, more than ____ of them contain carbon

Answer 2

99%

Question 3

Carbon can share

Answer 3

four valence electrons

Question 4

Carbon can share FOUR valence electrons and form four strong

Answer 4

covalent bonds

Question 5

Carbon can share FOUR valence electrons and form four strong covalent bonds (which can either be single, double, or triple bond), forming a stable

Answer 5

tetrahedral geometry

Question 6

Carbon bonds readily with itself, forming chains

Answer 6

polymerism

Question 7

Can also produce compounds with the same number of atoms but different structures

Answer 7

isomerism

Question 8

There are three generally accepted sources of organic compounds

Answer 8

carbonized organic matter
living organisms
invention/human ingenuity

Question 9

It is the study of compounds containing carbon, both naturally occurring and synthetic compounds

Answer 9

Organic chemistry

Question 10

Any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen is called a

Answer 10

heteroatom

Question 11

examples of heteroatom

Answer 11

N, O, S, P and halogens

Question 12

Compounds with Carbons that are Inorganic

Answer 12

carbonate (CO32-)
cyanide (CN-)
bicarbonate (HCO3-)
carbon dioxide (CO2)
carbon monoxide (CO)

Question 13

Remember that organic compounds are compounds that were either ________________ or derived from something that was ______________, or they can be _______________.

Answer 13

once-living
once living
synthesized

Question 14

often flammable

Answer 14

organic

Question 15

non-flammable

Answer 15

inorganic

Question 16

usually covalent

Answer 16

organic

Question 17

often ionic

Answer 17

inorganic

Question 18

based on C

Question 19

organic

Answer 19

not based on C (Sometimes contain carbon but not C-H bonds)

Question 20

low BP and MP

Answer 20

organic

Question 21

high BP and MP

Answer 21

inorganic

Question 22

derived from living or once-living matter

Answer 22

organic

Question 23

minerals and ores

Answer 23

inorganic

Question 24

In the ______, organic compounds are believed to have originated from living organisms, and only living things could synthesize

Answer 24

1800’s

Question 25

“We cannot prepare organic compounds in the laboratory because ‘vital force’ is absent there.”

Answer 25

Jons Jacob Berzelius

Question 26

However, in ________, Friedrich Wöhler discovered that urea

Answer 26

1828

Question 27

However, in 1828, ________________________ discovered that urea

Answer 27

Friedrich Wöhler

Question 28

However, in 1828, Friedrich Wöhler discovered that urea, an organic compound, could be made by heating the inorganic compound ______________________

Answer 28

ammonium cyanate

Question 29

“The great tragedy of science, the slaying of a beautiful hypothesis by an ugly fact.”

Answer 29

Friedrich Wöhler

Question 30

In the 20th century, organic chemistry branched into sub-disciplines such as

Answer 30

polymer chemistry
pharmacology
bioengineering
petrochemistry

Question 31

date: morphine extracted from opium poppy

Answer 31

1804

Question 32

date: aspirin commercialization

Answer 32

1899

Question 32

date: discovery of penicillin

Answer 32

1928

Question 33

date: use of tubocurarine as anaesthetic

Answer 33

1942

Question 34

date: vinca alkaloids, cancer treatment

Answer 34

1963

Question 35

date: taxol discovery

Answer 35

1971

Question 36

date: artemisinin discovery

Answer 36

1972

Question 37

date: captopril approval for hypertension treatment

Answer 37

1981

Question 38

lovastatin approved as lipid-lowering agent

Answer 38

1987

Question 39

date: prialt ziconotide, oseltamivir tamiflu

Answer 39

2000