12: Aldehydes and Ketones (Part 2)

Question 1

______________ of a carbonyl group gives a good yield of gem-diol only with an unhindered aldehyde like formaldehyde

Answer 1

Hydration

Question 2

Treatment of an aldehyde or ketone with a 1° amine affords an?

Answer 2

imine

Question 3

this is catalyzed by p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH)

Answer 3

acetal formation

Question 4

The addition of one equivalent of alcohol forms a?

Answer 4

hemiacetal

Question 5

this a phosphorus by-product in Wittig reaction

Answer 5

triphenylphosphine oxide (Ph3P=O)

Question 6

enamine formation involves two parts

Answer 6

1. nucleophilic addition of the 2° amine
2. elimination of H2O

Question 7

Hydrolysis of imines and enamines forms?

Answer 7

aldehydes and ketones

Question 8

Increasing the number of alkyl groups on the carbonyl carbon _____________ the amount of hydrate at equilibrium

Answer 8

decreases

Question 9

if the stability of the carbonyl compound increases, what will happen to the amount of hydrate present at equilibrium

Answer 9

it will decrease

Question 10

it is an organophosphorus reagent

Answer 10

Wittig reagent

Question 11

Hydration of a carbonyl group gives a good yield of gem-diol only with an unhindered aldehyde like?

Answer 11

formaldehyde

Question 12

Treatment of a carbonyl compound with H2O in the presence of an acid or base catalyst adds the elements of H and OH across the carbon–oxygen o bond, forming a gem-diol or?

Answer 12

hydrate

Question 13

A Wittig reagent is an ___________________ reagent

Answer 13

organophosphorus

Question 14

alkene + amine = ?

Answer 14

enamine

Question 15

The _______________ are synthesized from methyl halide or 1° alkyl halide via SN2

Answer 15

Wittig reagent

Question 16

A typical ___________________ has a phosphorus atom bonded to three phenyl groups, plus another alkyl group that bears a negative charge.

Answer 16

Wittig reagent

Question 17

A 2° amine reacts with an aldehyde or ketone to give an?

Answer 17

enamine

Question 18

A _____________ has a carbon atom bonded to one OH group and one OR group

Answer 18

hemiacetal

Question 19

Phosphorus ylides are also called?

Answer 19

phosphoranes

Question 20

these are also called phosphoranes

Answer 20

phosphorus ylides

Question 21

Acetal formation is catalyzed by acids, commonly?

Answer 21

p-toluenesulfonic acid

Question 22

other name of imine

Answer 22

Schiff base

Question 23

The preferred pathway in __________________ uses a Wittig reagent derived from an unhindered alkyl halide

Answer 23

retrosynthesis

Question 24

Hydration of a carbonyl group gives a good yield of gem-diol only with an ________________________ like formaldehyde

Answer 24

unhindered aldehyde