11: Carboxylic Acids and Its Derivatives (Part 2)

Question 1

The closer the electron-withdrawing group to the ________, the stronger the acid.

Answer 1

COOH

Question 2

these can be prepared from carboxylic acid

Answer 2

carboxylic acid derivatives

Question 3

these are called lactones

Answer 3

cyclic esters

Question 4

Groups that donate electron density ____________ a benzene ring towards electrophilic attack and make a benzoic acid less acidic

Answer 4

activate

Question 5

As the basicity of Z increases, the stability of RCOZ increases because of added ____________________________

Answer 5

resonance stabilization

Question 6

these groups make a benzoic acid less acidic

Answer 6

activating groups

Question 7

An ester in a five-membered ring is called a?

Answer 7

γ-lactone

Question 8

An amide in a four-membered ring is called a?

Answer 8

β-lactam

Question 9

Groups that donate electron density activate a benzene ring towards electrophilic attack and make a benzoic acid ___________

Answer 9

less acidic

Question 10

Common electron donating groups are?

Answer 10

R groups
groups that have an N or O atom (with a lone pair)

Question 11

activating groups make a benzoic acid?

Answer 11

less acidic

Question 12

these contain two carbonyl groups joined by a single oxygen atom

Answer 12

anhydrides

Question 13

Common electron-withdrawing groups are?

Answer 13

halogens

Question 14

As the basicity of Z increases, the stability of RCOZ _____________ because of added resonance stabilization.

Answer 14

increases

Question 15

Groups that withdraw electron density deactivate a benzene ring towards electrophilic attack, and make a benzoic acid?

Answer 15

more acidic

Question 16

Electron-withdrawing groups stabilize a conjugate base, making a carboxylic acid?

Answer 16

more acidic

Question 17

_________________________ groups stabilize a conjugate base, making a carboxylic acid more acidic

Answer 17

Electron-withdrawing

Question 18

___________________ groups destabilize the conjugate base, making a carboxylic acid less acidic

Answer 18

Electron-donating

Question 19

types of anhydrides

Answer 19

Symmetrical anhydrides
Mixed anhydrides
Cyclic anhydrides

Question 20

The more electronegative the substituent, the __________ the acid

Answer 20

stronger

Question 21

these are classified as 1°, 2°, or 3° depending on the number of carbon atoms bonded directly to the nitrogen atom

Answer 21

amides

Question 22

examples of carboxylic acid derivatives

Answer 22

Acid chlorides
Anhydrides
Esters
Amides

Question 23

deactivating groups make a benzoic acid?

Answer 23

more acidic

Question 24

Common electron-withdrawing groups are the?

Answer 24

Halogens
groups with an atom Y

Question 25

A ______________________ is a stronger acid than an alcohol or phenol because its conjugate base is most effectively resonance stabilized

Answer 25

carboxylic acid

Question 26

Electron-donating groups destabilize the conjugate base, making a carboxylic acid?

Answer 26

less acidic

Question 27

The larger the number of electronegative substituents, the __________ the acid

Answer 27

stronger

Question 28

Groups that withdraw electron density _____________ a benzene ring towards electrophilic attack, and make a benzoic acid more acidic.

Answer 28

deactivate

Question 29

Common electron-donating groups are?

Answer 29

alkyl groups

Question 30

The closer the electron-withdrawing group to the COOH, the ____________ the acid.

Answer 30

stronger

Question 31

Polarizable ________________ donate electron density, and thus exhibit an electron-donating inductive effect

Answer 31

alkyl groups

Question 32

these have two identical alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbons

Answer 32

symmetrical anhydrides

Question 33

An amide in a four-membered ring is called a β-lactam, because the β carbon to the carbonyl is bonded to the?

Answer 33

heteroatom

Question 34

these have two different alkyl groups

Answer 34

mixed anhydrides

Question 35

these are called lactams

Answer 35

amides

Question 36

alkyl groups are _________________, making them electron-donating groups

Answer 36

polarizable

Question 37

these groups make a benzoic acid more acidic

Answer 37

deactivating groups

Question 38

Substituents on a benzene ring either donate or withdraw an?

Answer 38

electron density

Question 39

Groups that withdraw electron density deactivate a benzene ring towards _______________ attack, and make a benzoic acid more acidic

Answer 39

electrophilic

Question 40

Groups that donate electron density activate a benzene ring towards ______________ attack and make a benzoic acid less acidic

Answer 40

electrophilic