11: Carboxylic Acids and Its Derivatives (Part 1)

Question 1

these are formed from carboxylic acids in many reactions

Answer 1

metal salts of carboxylate anions

Question 2

these are named by adding the suffix -dioic acid to the name of the parent alkane

Answer 2

diacids

Question 3

The most important reactive feature of a carboxylic acid is its __________________, which is readily cleaved with base.

Answer 3

polar O – H bond

Question 4

Carboxylic acids having > 5 C’s are water insoluble because the nonpolar alkyl portion is too large to dissolve in the?

Answer 4

polar H2O solvent

Question 5

The ___________________ make the carboxy carbon electrophilic, so carboxylic acids react with nucleophiles.

Answer 5

polar C – O bonds

Question 6

these are weakly basic—they react with strong acids by protonation of the carbonyl oxygen.

Answer 6

carboxylic acids

Question 7

Carboxylic acids react as _____________________—that is, as proton donors

Answer 7

Brønsted–Lowry acids

Question 8

____________________ of a carboxylic acid forms a resonance-stabilized conjugate base—a carboxylate anion

Answer 8

deprotonation

Question 9

Alkyl benzenes having at least one benzylic C – H bond are oxidized with KMnO4 to?

Answer 9

benzoic acid

Question 10

Carboxylic acids having > 5 C’s are water insoluble because the ________________ is too large to dissolve in the polar H2O solvent.

Answer 10

nonpolar alkyl portion

Question 11

Deprotonation of a carboxylic acid forms a resonance-stabilized conjugate base—a?

Answer 11

carboxylate anion

Question 12

carboxylic acids also exhibit _________________________________ because they possess a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative oxygen atom

Answer 12

intermolecular hydrogen bonding

Question 13

With __________________, two carboxylic acids are formed as products

Answer 13

internal alkynes

Question 14

These ________________ dissolve in a nonpolar fat-like environment but do not dissolve in water

Answer 14

“fatty” acids

Question 15

__________________ having at least one benzylic C – H bond are oxidized with KMnO4 to benzoic acid

Answer 15

alkyl benzenes

Question 16

Carboxylic acids having ≤ 5 C’s are water soluble because they can ___________________ with H2O

Answer 16

hydrogen bond

Question 17

Both ___________ and _____________ alkynes are oxidatively cleaved with ozone to give carboxylic acids

Answer 17

internal, terminal

Question 18

these have higher boiling points and melting points than other compounds of melting point comparable molecular weight

Answer 18

carboxylic acids

Question 19

what are the three simplest diacids are most often identified by their common names

Answer 19

oxalic acid
malonic acid
succinic acid

Question 20

Compounds that have only carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbonyl group

Answer 20

carbonyl compounds

Question 21

Carboxylic acids having ________ are water soluble because they can hydrogen bond with H2O

Answer 21

≤ 5 C’s

Question 22

these are the most polar organic compounds

Answer 22

carboxylic acids

Question 23

how to prepare carboxylic acids

Answer 23

1. by oxidation of 1-degree alcohols
2. by oxidation of alkyl benzenes
3. by oxidative cleavage of alkynes

Question 24

these react as Brønsted–Lowry acids—that is, as proton donors

Answer 24

carboxylic acids

Question 25

insoluble carboxylic acids are called?

Answer 25

fatty acids

Question 26

Both internal and terminal alkynes are oxidatively cleaved with ozone to give?

Answer 26

carboxylic acids

Question 27

The polar C – O bonds make the carboxy carbon ________________, so carboxylic acids react with nucleophiles

Answer 27

electrophilic

Question 28

Compounds that contain an electronegative atom bonded to the carbonyl group

Answer 28

carbonyl compounds

Question 29

it is always the product regardless of the alkyl benzene used as starting material

Answer 29

benzoic acid

Question 30

Carboxylic acids exhibit ___________________ interactions because they have polar C – O and O – H bonds

Answer 30

dipole–dipole

Question 31

There are compounds containing two carboxy groups called?

Answer 31

diacids

Question 32

_________________ stabilized conjugate base makes an acid stronger

Answer 32

resonance

Question 33

Both internal and terminal alkynes are ___________________ with ozone to give carboxylic acids

Answer 33

oxidatively cleaved

Question 34

Alkyl benzenes having at least one benzylic C – H bond are oxidized with ______________ to benzoic acid

Answer 34

KMnO4

Question 35

these are soluble in organic solvents regardless of size

Answer 35

carboxylic acids

Question 36

Carboxylic acids having _______ are water insoluble because the nonpolar alkyl portion is too large to dissolve in the polar H2O solvent

Answer 36

> 5 C’s

Question 37

The polar C – O bonds make the carboxy carbon electrophilic, so carboxylic acids react with nucleophiles, forming?

Answer 37

carboxylate anion

Question 38

resonance stabilized conjugate base makes an acid?

Answer 38

stronger

Question 39

With ____________________, the sp hybridized C – H bond is converted to CO2

Answer 39

terminal alkynes

Question 40

Both internal and terminal alkynes are oxidatively cleaved with ________ to give carboxylic acids

Answer 40

ozone