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Chem 31 > Module 2: Writing/Drawing Organic Structures > Flashcards

Module 2: Writing/Drawing Organic Structures Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the different ways to represent an organic molecule?

A

Lewis Dot Formula
Line Bond/Kekule Formula
Condensed Formula
Line Angle/Skeletal Formula

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2
Q

Shared pairs of e-

A

bonding pairs

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3
Q

________________ show atoms and bonds that go into the page, behind the plane, away from you

A

dashed lines

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4
Q

Atoms strive to have a full outer shell of eight electrons (or two for hydrogen and helium), known as an

A

octet

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5
Q

Unshared pairs of e-

A

nonbonding pairs/ lone pairs

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6
Q

The quantity of ____________ determines the element’s identity, known as the atomic number

A

protons

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7
Q

It is crucial in chemical bonding and determining the properties of elements

A

electron

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8
Q

These are found in the outermost shell of an atom and are crucial for chemical bonding

A

Valence electrons

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9
Q

These elements form the backbone and functional groups of organic compounds, with carbon being the foundational element due to its ability to form complex structures

A

carbon (C)
hydrogen (H)
nitrogen (N)
oxygen (O)
phosphorus (P)
sulfur (S)

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10
Q

This process happens in chemical reactions to achieve electron stability

A

Ionization

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11
Q

Bonding electrons in covalent bonds are drawn as lines and ______________ are left out

A

lone pair electrons

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12
Q

These are mainly located on the right side of the periodic table, except for hydrogen

A

nonmetals

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13
Q

these are removed/omitted in the condensed structural formula

A

covalent bonds and lone pairs

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14
Q

the only way for all atoms to have an octet is by having a _______________________

A

carbon-oxygen double bond

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15
Q

They determine an element’s reactivity and bonding behavior

A

Valence electrons

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16
Q

What are the six most important elements in organic chemistry?

A

carbon (C)
hydrogen (H)
nitrogen (N)
oxygen (O)
phosphorus (P)
sulfur (S)

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17
Q

A shorthand representation of a molecule’s bonding using lines and chemical symbols of atoms other than C and H

A

Line Angle (Skeletal) Formula

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18
Q

Varying numbers of neutrons in atoms of the same element result in ___________

A

isotopes

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19
Q

These are attracted to positively charged ions (cations) and can form ionic compounds.

A

Anions

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20
Q

It is a system of writing organic structures in a single line of text

A

Condensed Structural Formula

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21
Q

These are the main actors in chemical reactions, forming bonds between atoms to create molecules and compounds

A

Electrons

22
Q

Which part of the periodic table contains metals?

A

groups 1-12 (IA to IIB) and 13-16 (IIIA to VIA), except for hydrogen

23
Q

It forms when one atom transfers electrons to another, creating positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions)

A

Ionic Bond

24
Q

Electron-dot representation for organic molecules

A

Lewis Dot Formula

25
Q

It is electrically neutral and contribute to nucleus stability

A

neutron

26
Q

_____________________ illustrate atoms and bonds that are in the same plane as the paper

A

straight lines

27
Q

Which part of the periodic table contains nonmetals?

A

right side of the periodic table, except for hydrogen, groups 14 to 18 (IVA to VIIIA)

28
Q

This carries a positive charge opposite to that of an electron

A

proton

29
Q

Bonding electrons in covalent bonds are drawn as lines and lone pair electrons are left out. Each of the atoms (C and H) is still shown in the structure.

A

Line Bond (Kekule) Formula

30
Q

What does it mean if the elements are in the same column in the periodic table?

A

share similar chemical properties
same number of valence electrons

31
Q

It the fundamental unit of a chemical element

A

atom

32
Q

It contains protons and neutrons and is where most of the atom’s mass is concentrated

A

nucleus

33
Q

These contribute to atom stability but usually do not participate directly in chemical reactions

A

Protons and neutrons

34
Q

What does it mean if the elements are in the same row (period) in the periodic table?

A

same number of electron shells
same physical properties

35
Q

Typically found in nonmetallic molecules, these bonds involve electron sharing rather than transfer

A

Covalent Bond

36
Q

Which of the above comprise/s most of the mass of an atom?

A

nucleus

37
Q

It forms when two atoms share electrons, enabling them to achieve a stable electron configuration akin to noble gases

A

Covalent Bond

38
Q

Which part of the periodic table contains transition metals?

A

groups 3 to 12 (IIIB to IIB)

39
Q

It is a negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom in an electron cloud

A

electron

40
Q

Which of the above is/are usually involved in chemical reactions?

A

electrons

41
Q

It states that atoms aim to achieve a stable electron configuration, resembling that of a noble gas, by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons

A

octet rule

42
Q

The least electronegative atom is usually the?

A

Central Atom

43
Q

It’s the smallest unit of an element retaining its properties and is essential in forming matter

A

atom

44
Q

How is our current periodic table arranged?

A

The periodic table is organized by increasing atomic number

45
Q

It is a positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons, creating an excess of positive charge

A

cations

46
Q

These are attracted to negatively charged ions (anions) and play a role in forming compounds through ionic interactions

A

cations

47
Q

Occurs between a metal (losing electrons) and a nonmetal (gaining electrons), resulting in a complete transfer of electrons and the creation of a crystalline lattice structure in solid compounds

A

Ionic Bonds

48
Q

__________________ can be used to show that polyatomic groups within a formula are attached to the nearest non-hydrogen atom on the left

A

Parentheses

49
Q

___________________ illustrate bonds and atoms that come out of the page, in front of the plane, toward you

A

wedged lines

50
Q

It is a negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons

A

Anion

Chem 31 (22 decks)

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