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Chem 31 > Module 3: Functional Groups > Flashcards

Module 3: Functional Groups Flashcards

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1
Q

It is the reactive part of the molecule.

A

functional group

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2
Q

A _____________________ (1˚H) is on a C bonded to one other C atom.

A

primary hydrogen

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3
Q

These are attractions between an instantaneous dipole and an induced dipole.

A

London dispersion forces

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4
Q

The positive end of one is attracted to the negative end of the other and vice-versa

A

dipole-dipole forces

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5
Q

Almost all organic compounds are soluble in?

A

nonpolar organic solvents

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6
Q

These are compounds made up of only the elements carbon and hydrogen.

A

hydrocarbons

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7
Q

Common heteroatoms are?

A

nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, and the halogens.

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8
Q

The polar part of a molecule that can hydrogen bond to H2O is said to be?

A

hydrophilic

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9
Q

The polar C=O bond makes the carbonyl carbon an __________________

A

electrophile

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10
Q

A ___________________ (3˚ H) is on a C bonded to three other C atoms.

A

tertiary hydrogen

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11
Q

It is the extent of solute dissolution in a solvent

A

solubility

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12
Q

A ________________ (2˚ carbon) is bonded to two other C atoms.

A

secondary carbon

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13
Q

The most common ____________ occur in C=C and C=O double bonds.

A

π bonds

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14
Q

Different hydrocarbon functional groups

A

Alkane
Alkene
Alkyne
Aromatic

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15
Q

Rule of the thumb:

A

“Like dissolves like”

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16
Q

The stronger the intermolecular forces, the ________________ the mp.

A

higher

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17
Q

This affects the physical properties of molecules

A

polarity of a molecule

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18
Q

Different single bond to a single heteroatom functional groups

A

Alkyl halides
Alcohols
Ethers
Amines

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19
Q

Different carbonyl functional groups

A

Aldehydes
Carboxylic acids
Esters
Ketones
Amides

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20
Q

The carbonyl group also contains a _______________ that is more easily broken than a C=O σ bond.

A

π bond

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21
Q

The _____________________ is the temperature at which a solid is converted to its liquid phase.

A

melting point (mp)

22
Q

The more polarizable the atoms, the ____________ the bp.

A

higher

23
Q

types of intermolecular forces

A
  1. London dispersion (van der Waals forces)
  2. Dipole-dipole interaction
  3. Hydrogen bonding
24
Q

The ____________________ of a compound is the temperature at which the liquid form of the compound becomes a gas (vaporizes).

A

boiling point (bp)

25
Q

types of functional groups

A
  1. Functional Groups with Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds
  2. Functional Groups with Carbon Singly Bonded to an Electronegative Atom
  3. Functional Groups with a Carbon–Oxygen Double Bond (Carbonyl Groups)
26
Q

All intermolecular forces are?

A

electrostatic

27
Q

These interactions are much stronger than the intermolecular forces in covalent molecules

A

ion-ion interactions

28
Q

The tendency of an electron cloud to distort in this way is called?

A

polarizability

29
Q

A _________________ (4˚ carbon) is bonded to four other C atoms.

A

quaternary carbon

30
Q

what are the different physical properties of molecules?

A
  1. boiling point
  2. melting point
  3. solubility
31
Q

The importance of functional groups

A
  1. bonding and shape
  2. nomenclature
  3. physical properties
  4. chemical reactivity
  5. type and strength of intermolecular forces
32
Q

A _____________ (3˚ carbon) is bonded to three other C atoms.

A

tertiary carbon

33
Q

The larger the surface area, the __________ the bp.

A

higher

34
Q

A __________________ is a group of atoms within a molecule that has a characteristic chemical behavior.

A

functional group

35
Q

A ______________________ (2˚ H) is on a C bonded to two other C atoms.

A

secondary hydrogen

36
Q

functional group that is aromatic

A

arenes

37
Q

A ______________ (1˚ carbon) is bonded to one other C atom

A

primary carbon

38
Q

These forces are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar

A

London dispersion (fleeting dipole-dipole)

39
Q

The physical properties of a compound are determined by the attractive forces between the individual molecules, called?

A

intermolecular forces

40
Q

Atoms other than carbon or hydrogen

A

heteroatoms

41
Q

functional groups that are aliphatic

A

alkanes
alkenes
alkynes

42
Q

The nonpolar part of a molecule that is not attracted to H2O is said to be?

A

hydrophobic

43
Q

The lone pairs on O in the polar bond C=O allow it to react as a?

A

nucleophile and base

44
Q

These interactions are extremely strong electrostatic interactions

A

ion-ion interactions (forces)

45
Q

As the polarity of a molecule decreases, the strength of its intermolecular forces ________________

A

decreases

46
Q

The more compact and symmetrical the shape (a crystalline lactice), the _____________ the mp.

A

higher

47
Q

These are classified as 1°, 2°, or 3°

A

Alkyl halides and Amines

48
Q

As the polarity of a molecule increases, the strength of its intermolecular forces _________________.

A

increases

49
Q

Soap molecules have two distinct parts:

A

Hydrophilic polar head
Hydrophobic nonpolar tail

50
Q

Type of dipole-dipole interactions experienced when H atom is bonded to N, O, or F atom

A

hydrogen bonding

Chem 31 (22 decks)

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