14: Intro Carbohydrates, Lipids, Amino Acids

Question 1

A monosaccharide is called _______ if it has 3 C’s

Answer 1

a triose

Question 2

Cyclization of a hydroxy carbonyl compound always forms a stereogenic center at the hemiacetal carbon (the carbonyl carbon), called the?

Answer 2

anomeric carbon

Question 3

The ____________ in any monosaccharide has the OH group drawn down, trans to the CH2OH group

Answer 3

α anomer

Question 4

Right substituents are drawn as?

Answer 4

Down substituents

Question 5

six-membered rings used to represent the cyclic hemiacetals of glucose and other sugar

Answer 5

Haworth projection

Question 6

this is a stepwise procedure that shortens the length of an aldose chain by cleavage of the C1 – C2 bond

Answer 6

Wohl degradation

Question 7

To easily represent all stereogenic centers of carbohydrates, their structures of are often represented by _________________________formula

Answer 7

Fischer projection

Question 8

these with the same number of carbon can exist as constitutional isomers

Answer 8

aldehydes and ketones

Question 9

Aldoses and Ketoses with the same number of carbon can exist as?

Answer 9

constitutional isomers

Question 10

Treatment of d-glucose with _______________ (NH2OH) forms an oxime by nucleophilic addition

Answer 10

hydroxylamine

Question 11

Carbohydrates were given their name because their molecular formulas could be written as Cn(H2O)n, making them?

Answer 11

hydrates of carbon

Question 12

Left substituents are drawn as?

Answer 12

Up substituents

Question 13

these are commonly referred to as sugars and starches

Answer 13

carbohydrates

Question 14

they are all sweet tasting, but their relative sweetness varies a great deal.

Answer 14

monosaccharides

Question 15

The presence of so many polar functional groups capable of hydrogen bonding makes them water soluble

Answer 15

Monosaccharides

Question 16

monosaccharides are so polar that they are insoluble in organic solvents like?

Answer 16

diethyl ether

Question 17

Two diastereomers that differ in the configuration around one stereogenic center only are called?

Answer 17

epimers

Question 18

these were given their name because their molecular formulas could be written as Cn(H2O)n, making them hydrates of carbon

Answer 18

carbohydrates

Question 19

Treatment of d-glucose with hydroxylamine (NH2OH) forms an _________ by nucleophilic addition

Answer 19

oxime

Question 20

Many carbohydrates contain _____________ or ______________

Answer 20

cyclic acetals, hemiacetals

Question 21

A monosaccharide is called _______ if it has 6 C’s

Answer 21

hexose

Question 22

The ____________ has the anomeric OH group drawn up, cis to the CH2OH group at C5

Answer 22

β anomer

Question 23

A monosaccharide is called _______ if it has 5 C’s

Answer 23

pentose

Question 24

They are polar compounds with high melting points

Answer 24

Monosaccharides

Question 25

these are stereoisomers of a cyclic monosaccharide that differ in the position of the OH group at the hemiacetal carbon

Answer 25

anomers

Question 26

they are so polar that they are insoluble in organic solvents like diethyl ether

Answer 26

Monosaccharides

Question 27

A monosaccharide is called _______ if it has 4 C’s

Answer 27

tetrose