Study guide 1 (pt 4)

Question 1

Distinguish between a gene, DNA, nucleic acids and nucleotides

Answer 1

-gene: discrete unit of inheritance
-nucleic acids: polymers made of nucleotides
-nucleotides: make up nucleic acids’
DNA: genetic material that organisms inherit from parents

Question 2

State the two main types of nucleic acids

Answer 2

DNA and RNA

Question 3

Where are ribosomes found in the cell

Answer 3

in cytoplasm of a cell

Question 4

Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells? In prokaryotic cells?

Answer 4

nucleus; cytoplasm

Question 5

To what number carbon is the phosphate group attached

Answer 5

5’ carbon

Question 6

To what number carbon is the nitrogenous base attached

Answer 6

1’ carbon

Question 7

purine

Answer 7

large, 6 membered ring fused to a 5 membered ring

Question 8

pyrimidine

Answer 8

1 6 membered ring

Question 9

State the name of the molecule in which uracil can be found.

Answer 9

pyrimidine

Question 10

Complementary base pairing

Answer 10

allows for DNA replication

Question 11

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 11

bond two strands of DNA to form double helix

Question 12

Phosphodiester bonds

Answer 12

form DNA strands by bonding the bases

Question 13

List three important differences between DNA and RNA.

Answer 13

1. DNA has thymine, RNA has uracil
2. DNA has deoxyribose, RNA has ribose
3. DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded

Question 14

Explain why RNA can have more elaborate 3-dimensional structures than DNA.

Answer 14

hydrogen bonds allows for it strands to fold and form more complex 3-D structures