Lecture 19 Study Guide Flashcards
Other than maintaining optimum cell size, list three functions of cell division.
- the reproduction of an entire unicellular organism
- the growth and repair of tissues in multicellular animals
- formation of gametes
Describe the connection of the molecular control of cell division to the disease of cancer.
when cell division cannot be controlled, cancer can occur
Identify the outcome of one division by mitosis and cytokinesis.
two daughter cells
Distinguish between chromosomes, chromatin and chromatids.
there are two chromatids in one chromosome. chromatin is one coiled strand and chromosomes are more condensed versions
Describe the difference between somatic cells and gametes in terms of the amount of DNA and the processes that produce them.
somatic cells have twice as many chromosomes (4x DNA) as gametes and is produced by mitosis while games are produced by meiosis
Outline the stages and events of interphase.
G1: replication and growth
S: synthesis
G2: replication of other organelles
Compare and contrast cytokinesis in animal and plant cells. Why are cleavage furrows absent in plant cells?
animal cells have cleavage and plant cells have cell plates
Why is the G1 checkpoint important? What happens to cells that never pass the G1 checkpoint?
it’s when the cell decides to go through the rest of the division process; they exit
What happens when cancer cells metastasize? Distinguish between a benign and malignant tumor.
they spread to other parts of the body; benign tumors dont metastasize
List three types of genes that normally regulate cell growth and division.
oncogene
tumor suppressor gene
How can cancer appear in a young person?
it is inherited
