Discussion topics (Exam 1) Flashcards
lipoprotein complexes
groups of molecules with a single layer of phospholipids on the outside ad fats and cholesterol on the inside
How are lipoprotein complexes transported in the blood?
the phospholipid layer is hydrophilic which it allows it to attach to the water molecules in blood and move through the blood stream
Why do the fats and cholesterols in a lipoprotein complex have to be contained within the phospholipid layer?
the fats an cholesterol are nonpolar (hydrophobic) so they cannot attract to the water molecules in the blood and move throughout the bloodstream
Why do glucose and amino acids not require a lipoprotein complex to be transported in the blood?
they’re polar
Why does water have such a high specific heat capacity?
the energy used to heat water has to break through the hydrogen bonds
cis and trans bonds
have C=C
polar
hydrophilic
nonpolar
hydrophobic
alpha glucose monomers
hydroxyls on the same side
beta glucose monomers
hydroxyls on opposite sides
differences between DNA & RNA
- DNA has thymine and RNA has Uracil
- DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded
- DNA has deoxyribose, RNA has ribose
similarities between DNA and RNA
- both contain adenine, guanine, and cytosine
2. both have phosphodiester bonds
Bonds present in DNA/RNA strands
-phosphodiester bonds
basic structure of amino acids
H
I
NH4+ - C. - COO-
I
R group5 categories for R groups
charged: positive and negative
non charged: polar & nonpolar
special cases
primary structure bonding
peptide bonds
secondary structure bonding
hydrogen
4 types of tertiary bonds
hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic reactions (Van Der Waals), disulfide bridges
effects of extreme pH or temp on bonds?
no effect on peptide bonds; denaturing of disulfide bridges, hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions
type of bond that can unite a purine nucleotide to a purine nucleotide
phosphodiester
two types of bonds the can unite a purine nucleotide to a. pyrimadine nucleotide
phosphodiester and hydrogen
differentiate the roles of hydrogen bonds in RNA vs in DNA
DNA- bond the two strands into double helix
RNA- folds RNA to create a secondary structure
