Lecture 18: Genome Structure

Question 1

Human Diploid Life Cycle

Answer 1

1. fertilization
2. mitosis and development
3. meiosis

Question 2

fertilization

Answer 2

union of gametes to form zygote

Question 3

mitosis and development

Answer 3

cell division and differentiation of the zygote

Question 4

meiosis

Answer 4

production of gametes (cell division with half the number of chromosomes as the somatic cells)

Question 5

Paternal and Material haploid genomes

Answer 5

unite during fertilization to restore full chromosome number

Question 6

zygote

Answer 6

single cell product of fertilization

Question 7

in animals, meiosis results in gametes, and fertilization results in

Answer 7

zygotes

Question 8

DNA replication

Answer 8

produces one chromosome made up of two sister chromatids attached at the centromere

Question 9

homologous chromosomes

Answer 9

share the same structure and sequence of genes but are not genetically identical
-come from either the maternal or paternal parent

Question 10

how do the two members of pair of homologous chromosomes differ from eachother

Answer 10

the precise sequence of base pairs along the DNA strands

Question 11

prior to DNA replication there are __ chromosomes in a homologous pair. After DNA replication, there are ___ chromosomes in a homologous pair

Answer 11

2, 2

Question 12

why are chromatids attached at a centromere identical and homologous chromosomes not?

Answer 12

homologous chromosomes are from two different parents while sister chromatids are replications of each other

Question 13

chromatids

Answer 13

are product of DNA replication and make up a single chromosome

Question 14

starting with a fertilized egg (zygote), a series of 5 cell divisions (mitosis) would produce an early embryo with how many cells?

Answer 14

32

Question 15

if the liver cells of an animal have 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes do its sperm cells have?

Answer 15

12

Question 16

genes

Answer 16

are made up of DNA and can be located on specific chromosomes

Question 17

allele

Answer 17

molecular version of a gene that has a slightly different base sequence and results in a slightly different protein

Question 18

as a result of fertilization f sperm and egg

Answer 18

• each person has two alleles for each gene in all of their body (somatic) cells
• each human has two copies of every chromosome in all their somatic cells
• each human has two copies of every protein in their somatic cells

Question 19

asexual reproduction (mitosis) and sexual reproduction (meiosis and fertilization) are different in that

Answer 19

• individuals reproducing asexually transmit 100% of their genes to their progeny, whereas individuals reproducing sexually only transmit 50%
• asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parents, sexual reproduction gives rise to genetically distinct offspring
• asexual reproduction involves a single parent, whereas sexual reproduction involves two
• asexual reproduction only requires mitosis, whereas sexual reproduction always involves meiosis

Question 20

genome

Answer 20

full set of DNA present in an individual organism