Lecture 16: DNA structure and Function Flashcards

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1
Q

DNA structure

A

DNA is made up of two unique yet complimentary sequences of nucleotides

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2
Q

DNA function

A
  • some nucleotides are copied into RNA

- some RNAs code for proteins

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3
Q

Chargoff’s ratio states that in a molecule of DNA

A

the percentage of adenine + gunning equals that of thymine + guanine

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4
Q

Nucleotide structure

A
  • phosphate group
  • sugar (pentose)
  • nitrogenous bases
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5
Q

DNA

A

directional and complementary sequences of nucleotides

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6
Q

structure of DNA directly related to function

A
  1. storage of genetic information in sequences of nucleotides
  2. precise replication of itself
  3. susceptible to mutations: changes in the sequence of bases
  4. template of synthesis of RNAs
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7
Q

chromatin

A
  • template for synthesis of RNA and DNA
  • loosely coiled DNA that can perform RNA transcription and DNA replication
  • found as nucleosomes in Eukaryotes (DNA and histones packets)
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8
Q

chromosomes

A
  • hereditary molecule that can be equally distributed between cells
  • product of DNA replication of chromatin followed by supercoiling
  • consist of two identical DNA molecules called chromatin
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9
Q

in a nucleosome, the DNA is wrapped around

A

histone proteins

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10
Q

transcription

A

synthesis of ALL RNA from DNA template in nucleus

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