Study guide 1 (pt 2)

Question 1

State the four main classes of important large biological molecules found in living things.

Answer 1

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 2

Define and distinguish a polymer from a monomer

Answer 2

a monomer is a single unit; a polymer is made up of monomers

Question 3

State the role of enzymes in the synthesis and breakdown of polymers

Answer 3

enzymes speed up the reactions that synthesize and breakdown polymers

Question 4

Outline the basic dehydration reaction, including how the functional groups contribute to the synthesis of a water molecule.

Answer 4

dehydration synthesis forms functional groups to a molecule and takes out a water molecule

Question 5

Outline the basic hydrolytic reaction, including how the water contributes functional groups to the monomers.

Answer 5

hydrolysis adds water to the reaction, causing the functional groups to break away from the polymer

Question 6

How many molecule of water are required to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 10 monomers long?

Answer 6

9

Question 7

State the three main features that distinguish one monosaccharide from another.

Answer 7

carbonyl group, number of carbons, ways parts are arranged around C skeleton

Question 8

For each example of a disaccharide, give the molecular formula, list the twomonosaccharides that make the disaccharide and name the enzyme required to hydrolyze the disaccharide.
Sucrose:
Maltose:
Lactose:

Answer 8

sucrose: glucose + fructose
Maltose: glucose + glucose
Lactose: glucose + galactose

Question 9

State the function of lactase. Why is lactase required to drink milk?

Answer 9

lactase breaks down lactose, which allows us to digest milk

Question 10

What sugar is broken down by the enzyme sucrase?

Answer 10

sucrose

Question 11

List three examples of polysaccharides and their functions.

Answer 11

glycogen, starch, cellulose

Question 12

Define isomer

Answer 12

compounds with the same formula but a different arrangement of atoms and different properties

Question 13

State three types of storage polysaccharides and describe where they would be found in organisms.

Answer 13

cellulose, starch, glycogen

Question 14

Provide at least two reasons why cellulose the most abundant organic compound on Earth.

Answer 14

1. it’s not broken down

2. it provides structure for plants

Question 15

Describe how hydrogen bonds contribute to the structural stability of cellulose

Answer 15

strands of cellulose are bonded by hydrogen bonds to provide structural stability

Question 16

describe the structural difference between starch and cellulose.

Answer 16

starch is made up of alpha glucose monomers and cellulose is made up of beta glucose monomers

Question 17

Beside cellulose, list one other structural polysaccharide and state two organisms in which it is found.

Answer 17

glycogen; humans and chickens